Capuchin Convention Paris
The spiritual order of the Capuchins had several convents in Paris in the 16th to 18th centuries , some of which were used as the burial places of outstanding personalities of the Ancien Régime .
Beginnings
Charles de Lorraine-Guise (1524-1574), known as Cardinal of Lorraine (Cardinal de Lorraine) had on his return from the Council of Trent (1545-1563) four monks of the Capuchin order in the wake of which he on the grounds of the castle Meudon live let. After his death, these Capuchins returned to Italy.
In the same year 1574, the Cordelier Pierre Deschamps, who had accepted the rule of the Capuchins, with the permission of King Charles IX. and Pope Gregory XIII. a small convent in Picpus . A little later the general of the order sent twelve monks and two lay brothers under the direction of Brother Pacificus from Venice as general commissioner to the convent. Caterina de 'Medici , the mother of Charles IX, finally had the entire group move to Rue Saint-Honoré .
Couvent des Capucins de la Rue Saint-Honoré
In July 1576, the king Henry III. the Capuchins living in the Rue Saint-Honoré his special protection (which his successors confirmed again and again). This convent, which was located where houses No. 351 to 369 are today and which housed 100 to 120 monks, got a new church and new convent buildings between 1603 and 1610. In 1722 a large residential building was added. In 1731 the portal and the monastery wall on Rue Saint-Honoré were rebuilt, and in 1735 the church got a new choir .
The church, consecrated on November 1, 1610 by Cardinal François de Joyeuse , has been furnished with a number of notable works of art over time, including paintings by Charles Lebrun (1619–1690) ( L'Assomption, La Présentation, Christ mourant ), Robert Paul Ponce Antoine ( Le Martyre de Fidèle de Simaringa ), Laurent de La Hyre ( L'Assomption ) and Hyacinthe Collin de Vermont ( Moise serrant la manne dans l'arche ).
The following were buried in the church:
- Henri de Joyeuse († 1608), who lived for a short time from 1587 and finally from 1599 as Père Ange in the monastery,
- François Leclerc du Tremblay ( Père Joseph , † 1638), the Gray Eminence of Cardinal Richelieu ,
- Athanase Molé, who founded the "Madelonettes" in 1618, the brother of the President of Parliament and keeper of the seal Mathieu Molé (1584-1656)
- JB Brûlart, General Commissioner of the Capuchins in France and brother of the Keeper of the Seal (1623–1624) Nicolas Brûlart de Sillery ,
- Michel de Marillac, the son of the keeper of the seal Michel de Marillac († 1632)
- Bernard de la Tour, the preacher of Louis XIII.
- Charles François I de Montmorency-Luxembourg († 1726), Duke of Piney -Luxembourg
- Pierre Henri de Montmorency-Luxembourg († 1700), his brother, Abbot of Saint-Michel and Ourscamp
The convention was closed during the revolution and from 1790 the National Assembly used it as an office and national archive. The buildings were demolished in 1804, and today the rue de Castiglione , rue de Rivoli and rue du Mont-Thabor run at their location .
Couvent des Capucins du Faubourg Saint-Jacques
This convent, inhabited by the Capuchin novices of the province of Paris, stood on the Place des Capucins . It was founded by François Godefroy, Seigneur de la Tour, who bequeathed his house in the Faubourg Saint-Jacques (now 14th arrondissement ) to them in his will of April 27, 1613 . The barn of the house served as a chapel until Cardinal Pierre de Gondi († 1616) provided the funds to build a church and expand the convent. The convent was dissolved in 1783 and the monks moved to Rue Neuve-Sainte-Croix . The buildings were given to the Hôpital des vénériens , a hospital for venereal diseases, in 1784 .
Couvent des Capucins du Marais
The Capuchin Convent on Rue du Perche in the Marais was founded in 1623 by Athanase Molé; the church could only be built with the help of the keeper of the seals, Argenson; After the secularization of the monasteries, buildings and gardens were sold, but the church was used again for church services as early as 1802, now under the name Saint-François-d'Assise as a subsidiary church of the parish of Saint-Merri .
Couvent des Capucines
The counterpart to the male monasteries was the Couvent des Capucines, the only one that left immediately recognizable traces in the Parisian topography. Louise de Lorraine , Queen of France as the wife of Henry III, determined in her will of January 28, 1601 (she died the following day) that her brother and heir Philippe-Emmanuel de Lorraine , Duke of Mercoeur, would have 60,000 livres from her estate for the establishment of a Capuchin convent in Bourges . The duke himself died in 1602, his widow Marie de Luxembourg took over the execution of the will. It turned out that the capital provided was insufficient for the purpose, so the Duchess of Mercoeur paid for the rest herself. The convent was then settled in Paris and not in Bourges, for which the Duchess bought the Hôtel de Retz (also known as Hôtel de Perron ) in the Faubourg Saint-Honoré opposite the men's convention and had it demolished. The foundation stone for the new convent was laid on June 29, 1604, and it was completed in 1606. During the construction period, the Duchess and twelve aspiring Capuchin women had withdrawn to the Faubourg Saint-Antoine , from where they moved to the new convent on August 9, 1606 moved. The religious vow was taken on July 21, 1607.
In 1686 King Louis XIV ordered the demolition of the convent buildings in order to have Place Vendôme (originally Place Louis le Grand ) built and assigned them an alternative quarter at the north end of this new square. On July 26, 1686, the nuns moved to buildings designed by François d'Orbay , which were much more comfortable than the previous buildings. These had cost the king nearly a million. The portal of the church was on Place Vendôme , but it was so badly built that work had to be started three times in advance. In 1756 another new building was necessary, which affected the entire church, with the mausoleums in the chapels being destroyed.
The following were buried in the church:
- Louise de Lorraine († 1601), widow of King Henry III. from France
- the Duke and Duchess of Mercoeur
- Charles III de Blanchefort, duc de Créquy († 1687)
- François Michel Le Tellier de Louvois († 1691) and a number of his relatives
- Alexandrine Le Normand d'Étiolles († 1754), daughter of Charles-Guillaume Le Normant, seigneur d ' Étiolles and the 1745 of Louis XV. Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson raised to the marquise de Pompadour (see below)
- Madame de Pompadour († 1764)
The Louvois tomb was made by François Girardon , Martin Desjardins and Vanclève. It was brought to the Musée des monuments français after the revolution . Other artists who worked in the church include Antoine Coypel , Pierre Mazeline and Simon Hurtelle .
This convention was also abolished in 1790. Assignats , the common paper money at the time , were produced in the buildings . The gardens became a public park in which theaters settled. Virginie Déjazet made her debut at one of these theaters as a five-year-old. The convent was demolished in 1806, in part to build rue de Napoléon , which was renamed rue de la Paix in 1814 .
What remains of the Capuchin convent are the Rue des Capucines on the Place des Vosges , but above all the Boulevard des Capucines .
literature
- MJ de Gaulle and M. Ch. Nodier: Nouvelle historie de Paris et ses environs , Volume III (1839), p. 473ff, p. 544ff, Volume IV (1839) p. 104
- Raoul de Sceaux: Le couvent des Capucins de la rue Saint-Honoré à Paris: Étude topographique et historique , École pratique des hautes études. 4e section, Sciences historiques et philologiques, 1972, pp. 787-796 doi : 10.3406 / ephe.1972.5816