Karanda plum
| Karanda plum | ||||||||||||
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Karanda plum ( Carissa spinarum ), blooming |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Carissa spinarum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Karandapflaume ( Carissa spinarum L.) is a plant type from the kind of Carissa in the family of Hundsgiftgewächse (Apocynaceae). The plant is native to Africa , India and South Asia. The part of the name “plum” refers to the appearance of the fruit; however, the species is not closely related to the plum .
description
The Karanda plum is a thorny, richly branched and evergreen plant . It grows as a shrub or small tree and reaches heights of up to 5 meters. The bark is grayish and relatively smooth. The branches and twigs are reinforced with woody thorns 0.5 to 5 cm long , which often appear in pairs and only very rarely branch. Young twigs are usually densely hairy, but sometimes also bare. The plant produces a milky sap .
The opposite, entire and simple leaves are leathery, dark green and about 3 to 6 cm long. They have a rounded leaf base and taper towards the end longer or shorter. The leaf shape is ovate to elliptical. The petiole is very short with a length of 2.5 to 5 mm. The leaves are often slightly hairy on both sides. However, there are also specimens with completely bare leaves; in the distribution area described by Flora Zambesiaca, all intermediate forms of the hairy type are also observed.
The flowers are terminally in smaller, dold-like clusters, they smell sweet and are white-pink to green-reddish. The hermaphrodite flower is about 1.5–2 cm long, short, thick-stalked and five-fold (rarely six-fold). The eilanzettlichen, more or less hairy, closely overgrown sepals are 2 to 4.5 mm long and pointed. The partly hairy to almost bald corolla is salver-shaped, the long corolla lobes are ovate to ovate and up to 1.5–2 cm long. The long, narrow corolla tube is green to reddish and slightly widened in the upper area. The short stamens are up to 3–5 mm long and sit slightly under the throat. The upper, two-chambered ovary is about 1.5 mm long, the long stylus ends around the anthers. The thickened stylus head bears the bilobed scar .
The smooth, egg-shaped to ellipsoidal berries are about 1 centimeter, more rarely up to 2.5 cm, large and olive-shaped. They are initially green, when they ripen they turn reddish to blue-black, plum-like and they contain milky juice that sometimes pushes a little through the skin. They are, more or less, very finely spotted whitish. The thin-skinned berries contain 2 to 4 or more flattened, about 5–6 millimeters large, round and light brown seeds.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 22.
Distribution and location
The home of the Karanda plum extends over large parts of Africa and South Asia. The occurrences in Africa are in Angola , Ethiopia , Botswana , Guinea , Malawi , Namibia , Nigeria (also known there as Plateau Berry ), Senegal , Uganda , Zimbabwe and the South African Transvaal as well as Madagascar . The Asian deposits are in Yemen as well as in India and Thailand .
Because of its edible fruits, it is now also planted in other countries, for example in China ( Yunnan Province ) and in the USA ( California and Florida ).
The Karanda plum grows preferentially in the open tree savannah, often on termite mounds or in the vegetation near the river.
use
The berries of the karanda plum are edible.
Systematics
Carissa spinarum was first described by Carl von Linné in his work Mantissa Plantarum in 1771 . A large number of synonyms are known for the Karanda plum:
- Antura edulis Forssk.
- Antura hadiensis G. F. Gmelin
- Arduina edulis (Forssk.) Spreng.
- Azima pubescens sweet.
- Carissa dulcis Schumach. & Thonn.
- Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl
- Carissa edulis var. Major Stapf
- Carissa edulis var. Tomentosa (A. Rich.) Stapf
- Carissa pilosa Schinz
- Carissa pubescens A. DC.
- Carissa tomentosa A. Rich.
- Jasminonerium dulce (Schumach.) Kuntze
- Jasminonerium edule (A. DC.) Kuntze
- Jasminonerium tomentosum (A. Rich.) Kuntze
literature
- W. Blaschek, R. Hansel u. a .: Hager's Handbook of Pharmaceutical Practice. 5th edition, Volume 2: Drugs A – K , Springer, 1998, ISBN 3-540-61618-7 , p. 295 f.
- TK Lim: Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Volume 1, Fruits , Springer, 2012, ISBN 978-90-481-8660-0 , pp. 240–246.
Web links
- Description the Ethiopian Famine Food Field Guide (English).
- Carissa spinarum at Kew Science.
- Entry with the Flora of China (Eng.)
- Carissa edulis . In: U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thiombiano, G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2008.
- Carissa spinarum at Pitchandikulam Forest Virtual Herbarium, accessed September 12, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl. In: The Plant List. Retrieved May 8, 2016 .
- ↑ Carissa spinarum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Karanda plum. In: GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. (engl.)
- ↑ Florida. ( Memento of the original of October 10, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Carissa dulcis at JSTOR Global Plants.
