Karl Kellner (chemist)

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Karl waiter

Karl Kellner (actually Carl August Kellner ; born September 8, 1850 in Vienna ; † June 7, 1905 there ) was an Austrian chemist , industrialist , inventor , freemason and occultist .

The Ritter-Kellner process for cellulose production is named after him and the Castner-Kellner process in chlor-alkali electrolysis and the process of the same name for the production of sodium cyanide (both developed independently by Hamilton Castner ). He owned more than eighty patents (e.g. for incandescent lamps or color photography). He studied in Vienna and Paris, but nothing is known about a degree. He was an avid mountaineer and good fencer.

Live and act

While he was working in a private laboratory in Vienna, Kellner made those crucial observations at the age of 22 that were made after he and Ritter von Záhony (1816–1878) joined the factory of Julius Hektor Ritter von Záhony (1816–1878) in Podgora near Gorizia in 1876 named and commissioned within a short time by many paper mills use sulfite - cellulose process culminated (patents from 1884). The sulfite process , however, was developed in the USA in 1866 by Benjamin Chew Tilghman and before Kellner was implemented industrially by Alexander Mitscherlich and Carl Daniel Ekman . His work on the production of wood pulp and on the bleaching of cellulose subsequently led him to electrochemistry , a field that also owes him the development of valuable technical processes (electrochemical bleaching process, Castner-Kellner process, etc.). He had developed the Castner-Kellner process independently of Hamilton Castner , but both then joined forces to avoid patent disputes.

When the Freiherr-Ritter-Zahony'schen factories passed into other hands (Kellner managed sales himself), he turned to founding his own companies. The Kellner-Partington Paper Pulp Co. Ltd., founded with the English paper industrialist Edward Partington (1836–1925) in 1889 and based on Kellner's patents for the electrochemical bleaching process . Established factories in various countries, including a factory in Hallein near Salzburg at the beginning of the 1890s . A second company founded by Kellner and Hamilton Castner, The Castner-Kellner Alkali Co. , built what was then the largest facility in the world for chlor-alkali electrolysis in England. The syndicate founded by Kellner, Dr. Kellner set up an electrochemical factory in Jajce ( Bosnia ) that produced chlorinated lime and caustic soda using his method . Kellner was also involved in technical inventions in various other areas, such as the extraction of woven fibers , lighting, photography, artificial gemstones and the like. a.

On June 29, 1873, Karl Kellner was accepted as a Freemason in the "Humanitas" lodge in Neudörfl ad Leitha (a so-called "Grenzloge" for the Viennese members) and promoted to journeyman on November 23, 1873, but on May 13, 1875 " because of non-compliance with the Masonic obligations "again excluded from the lodge. According to his own statements, he plans to travel extensively through Europe, America and the Middle East with three adepts (a Sufi , Soliman ben Aifa, and two Hindu tantricians , Bhima Sena Pratapa from Lahore and Sri Mahatma Agamya Paramahamsa) and an organization called the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light have come into contact. However, these encounters are without evidence. In 1885 waiter met Franz Hartmann , a learned theosophist and Rosicrucian .

In 1895 Kellner began to discuss his idea of ​​founding an "Academia Masonica" with Theodor Reuss under the name of the Oriental Templar Order . An inner circle, the actual OTO, should be built on the highest grades of the Masonic Memphis and Mizraim rites . There the teachings of the Hermetic Brotherhood of Light as well as Kellner's own ideas on Masonic symbolism should be taught.

According to Peter-Robert König , he is said to have been the source of ideas for the OTO phenomenon under the order name "Renatus". His appointment on December 27, 1903 as "Honorary General Grand Master in Great Britain and Germany, 33 °, 90 °, 96 °" is not clearly proven; Sigrid Plutzar, Kellner's great-granddaughter, presented his other side as not proven in March 1999 .

Karl Kellner had been married to Marie Delorme since 1885 and had four children with her.

In the last year of his life, Kellner survived severe blood poisoning . Shortly after a trip to Egypt he died on June 7, 1905 in his (now defunct) Villa Hohewarte  29, Döbling , in cardiac arrest . Karl Kellner, honorary citizen of the city of Hallein, was buried for rest on June 10, 1905 in the cemetery of the market town of Oberalm , Hallein district .

Fonts

  • Yoga. A sketch about the psycho-physiological part of the ancient Indian yoga teaching. Kastner & Lossen, Munich 1896. Reprinted in: Josef Dvorak: Satanism. History and present. Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-8218-0402-5 .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helmut Möller, Ellic Howe : Merlin Peregrinus. Vom Untergrund des Abendlandes , 1986, p. 84; according to ÖBL differently September 1, 1851.
  2. ↑ Volker Lechler in collaboration with Wolfgang Kistemann: Heinrich Tränker as theosophist, Rosicrucian and Pansoph (taking into account his position in the OTO and his occult environment). Self-published by Volker Lechler, Stuttgart 2013. p. 145.
  3. ↑ Kodek, Günter K .: Our building blocks are the people. The members of the Viennese Masonic lodges (1869-1938). Vienna 2009. p. 178.
  4. ↑ Peter-R (obert) König (compilation): Carl Kellner: Never a member of any OTO (English). In: parareligion.ch , accessed on August 3, 2012. - From: Michael Alberts (Red.): Campaign against Rudolf Steiner. About OTO, racism allegations and attacks on Waldorf schools . Flensburg Hefte, Volume 63, ISSN  0932-5859 . Flensburger-Hefte-Verlag, Flensburg 1998, ISBN 3-926841-88-5 , table of contents online (PDF; 48 kB) .
  5. ↑ Sigrid Plutzar: Dr. Carl Kellner - a personal consideration . In: parareligion.ch , accessed on August 3, 2012.
  6. ↑ Marie Kellner b. Delorme herewith gives (...). In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 14652/1905, June 8, 1905, p. 22, top left. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  7. ↑ Little Chronicle. (...) † Dr. Karl waiter. In:  Neue Freie Presse , Morgenblatt, No. 14652/1905, June 8, 1905, p. 5, bottom center. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / nfp.
  8. ↑ Marie Kellner, née Delorme, herewith gives (...). In:  Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , No. 131/1905 (XLI. Year), June 9, 1905, p. 4 below. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / schand
    Hallein, June 12th. Funeral of Dr. Karl waiter. In:  Salzburger Chronik für Stadt und Land / Salzburger Chronik / Salzburger Chronik. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Die Woche im Bild” / Die Woche im Bild. Illustrated entertainment supplement to the “Salzburger Chronik” / Salzburger Chronik. Daily newspaper with the illustrated supplement “Oesterreichische / Österreichische Woche” / Österreichische Woche / Salzburger Zeitung. Tagblatt with the illustrated supplement “Austrian Week” / Salzburger Zeitung , supplement to “Salzburger Chronik” No. 133 , No. 133/1905 (XLI. Year), June 13, 1905, p. (Page 3, center right). (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / sch.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Completed in 1896 according to plans by Max Fabiani (1865–1962); 1902 planned conversion by Wilhelm Jelinek (1845–1919). - See: Max Fabiani and Wilhelm Jelinek in: architektenlexikon.at , accessed on August 3, 2012.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Waiter, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Waiter, Carl August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian chemist, industrialist and occultist
DATE OF BIRTH September 8, 1850
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH June 7, 1905
Place of death Vienna