Karl Schmückle (historian)

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Karl Friedrich Schmückle (born September 9, 1898 in Enzklösterle -Gompelscheuer, † March 14, 1938 near Moscow ) was a German historian and literary scholar .

Life

Karl Schmückle was the son of the employee Karl Schmückle senior. In 1919 he studied philosophy , history and economics at the University of Tübingen . Here he became a member of the Free Association of Socialist Students together with Carlo Schmid and others. In 1919 he became a member of the KPD . He continued his studies at the 1920-1921 Berlin University continued, studied in Jena 1921-1923 and received his doctorate on 25 July 1923, the University of Jena in economists Franz Gutmann with a dissertation on the subject logical historical elements of utopia Dr. rer. pole. At Pentecost 1923, a group of predominantly socialist intellectuals met in Geraberg near Ilmenau for a Marxist working week . In addition to Felix Weil and Karl Korsch , participants were also Georg Lukács , Friedrich Pollock , Karl August Wittfogel , Schmückle and others. a.

For the Marx-Engels Complete Edition of Ryazanov, qualified employees were urgently needed. On the recommendation of the headquarters of the KPD and on the recommendation of the Institute for Social Research (Felix Weil), Schmückle went to Moscow in 1926. There he became an employee at the Marx-Engels Institute. The main focus of his work was the Marx-Engels complete edition planned by Ryazanov , especially the correspondence section between Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels . Schmückle became a member of the CPSU in 1926 . His first printed works were a translation of Plekhanov's and Lenin's, as well as a critique of German historicism . As early as October 25, 1926, Schmückle and other employees of the Marx-Engels Institute campaigned for a high standard of scientific commentary to be practiced in the MEGA from the start. On February 12, 1931, on the orders of Stalin, the Marx-Engels Institute was closed and searched. OGPU employees searched the building for three days. On February 20, the institute was dissolved by a decision of the Politburo of the CPSU and Ryazanov was arrested. In the following period, all employees were checked and initially 22 employees were dismissed, including Karl Schmückle.

In the next few years Schmückle wrote articles for international literature and had personal or letter contact, etc. a. with Klaus Mann , Johannes R. Becher , Willi Bredel , Oskar Maria Graf , Alfred Kantorowicz . Wieland Herzfelde , u. a. In 1936 he was also "deputy editor" of the German edition of this magazine until he was replaced by Hugo Huppert .

On November 30, 1937, Schmückle was arrested as a Trotskyist in the course of the German operation of the NKVD , sentenced to death on January 24, 1938, and shot near Moscow on March 14, 1938. On October 23, 1958, Karl Schmückle was rehabilitated by the military tribunal of the Moscow military district.

His wife Anna Bernfeld (divorced wife of Siegfried Bernfeld , nee Salomon; 1892–1941), who had also worked at MEGA, was arrested like her husband and in 1941 committed suicide. The son Michael Schmückle (1928–1986) survived the Stalinist terror.

Works

Articles (selection)

  • "To the critique of German historicism", in: Under the banner of Marxism . Volume 3, 1929, pp. 281-297.
  • “Putešestvie v tuvinskuju respubliku”, in: Prožektor 8.1 (1930), pp. 26-27.
  • "The young Marx and civil society", in: International literature. Central organ of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers . Marx special issue , 3rd year, No. 2, Staatsverlag, Moscow 1933, pp. 146–176.
  • "Marx and Engels on literature", in: Die deutsche Zentral-Zeitung , Moscow, May 21, 1933.
  • Preface. In: Wilhelm Pieck (Hrsg.), Fritz Heckert (Hrsg.), Clara Zetkin Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Liebknecht, Franz Mehring: the leaders of the Spartakusbund and founders of the Communist Party of Germany . Publishing Cooperative of Foreign Workers in the USSR, Moscow 1934.
  • “About freedom and its illusion. Comments on the anti-fascist writings of Lion Feuchtwanger, Heinrich Manns, Hermann Kestin and others ”, in: International Literature. Central organ of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers . State Publishing House, Moscow, 3/1934.
  • “Story of the Golden Book. A utopian report ”in: International Literature. Central organ of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers , Vol. 5, Issue 12. Staatsverlag, Moscow, 1935; Pp. 41-48.
  • “Heroic Reality. On Anna Seghers' new novel ' The Path through February ' “, in: International Literature. Central organ of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers , Staatsverlag, Moscow issue 10, 1935.
  • "The current Don Quixote", in: International literature . Edited by Johannes R. Becher and J. Metallow. Verlag für Schöne Literatur, Moscow 1936. 6th vol. 4.
  • “Encounters with Don Quixote”, in: International Literature. Central organ of the International Union of Revolutionary Writers . Vol. 6, issue 8. Staatsverlag, Moscow 1936, pp. 97–111.
  • Thomas Mann against fascism. In: Klaus Jarmatz and Simone Barck (eds.): Criticism in time. Anti-fascist German literary criticism 1933–1945. Halle-Leipzig 1981, pp. 438-443.

Translations

  • VI Lenin : Complete Works Vol. 18. The Imperialist War. The fight against social chauvinism and social pacifism . Transferred under the editorship of Karl Schmückle and Ignaz Sorger. Publishing house for foreign language literature, Moscow 1926.
  • G. Plekhanov : The basic problems of Marxism. Edited by D. Rjazanov. Translated by Karl Schmückle. Publishing house for literature and politics, Vienna and Berlin 1929 (= Marxist library volume 21).

Cooperation

  • Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. Historical-critical complete edition. Edited by the Marx Engel Institute. Section I. Volume 1.1. Marx works and writings up to the beginning of 1844, Frankfurt am Main 1927.
  • Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. Historical-critical complete edition. Edited by the Marx Engel Institute. Section I. Volume 1.2. Marx works and writings up to the beginning of 1844 together with letters and documents, Frankfurt am Main 1929.
  • Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. Historical-critical complete edition. Edited by the Marx Engel Institute. Department III. Volume 1, correspondence between Marx and Engels 1844-1853, Frankfurt am Main 1929.
  • Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. Historical-critical complete edition. Edited by the Marx Engel Institute. Section III Volume 3, Correspondence between Marx and Engels 1861-1867, Frankfurt am Main 1930.

Literature (selection)

  • Heinz Malorny : "A document of Marxism from 1933: Karl Schmückle, The young Marx and the bourgeois society". In: Scientific journal of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena (social and linguistic series) 26th year, 1977, issue 5, pp. 591-595.
  • Hans Schleier : Karl Schmückle's examination of bourgeois German historicism. In: Jahrbuch für Geschichte, 25th year, 1982, pp. 305-340.
  • Gerhard Bauer / Helmut F. Pfanner: Oskar Maria Graf in his letters . Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1984, pp. 92-94. Count to Schmückle September 27, 1935
  • Reinhard Müller : The purge. Moscow 1936. Shorthand for a closed party meeting. Rowohlt, Hamburg 1991.
  • Manfred Schmid: “Karl Schmückle. A Swabian Marxist in Moscow ”, in: Schwäbische Heimat , 43rd vol., Heft 2, 1992, pp. 108–111.
  • Schmückle, Carl . In: Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German Communists. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 .
  • Contributions to Marx-Engels research. Special volume 1. David Borisovic Ryazanov and the first MEGA . Argument Verlag, Hamburg 1997, ISBN 3-88619-681-X .
  • Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Special Volume 2. Successful Cooperation: The Frankfurt Institute for Social Research and the Moscow Marx-Engels Institute (1924–1928) . Argument Verlag, Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-88619-684-4 .
  • Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Special Volume 3. Stalinism and the End of the First Marx-Engels Complete Edition (1931–1941) . Argument Verlag, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-88619-684-4 .
  • Reinhard Müller: “Don Quixote in exile in Moscow. Cervantes, Thomas Mann and Karl Schmückle ”, in: Mittelweg 36 , 14th year, 2005, issue 2, pp. 53–70.
  • Anne Hartmann: “Thomas More in Moscow. The Soviet Union of the 1930s as Utopia ”, in: Das Wort . Germanistic Yearbook Russia 2007, pp. 103–117.
  • Werner Röhr : Karl Schmückle: Encounters with Don Quixote. Selected Writings. Argument Verlag, Hamburg 2014 (= Berlin Contributions to Critical Theory Volume 17), ISBN 978-3-86754-103-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The University of Tübingen and National Socialism. A bibliography. Edited by Johannes Michael Wischnath in conjunction with Irmela Bauer-Klöden, Tübingen 2010.
  2. ^ Manfred Schmid: Karl Schmückle - A Swabian Marxist in Moscow
  3. ^ Carlo Schmid: Memories . Bern, Munich, Vienna 1981. Chapter 'Post-war period': Law studies in Tübingen 1919–1921 (youth movement, socialist student group Tübingen) , pp. 88–94.
  4. ↑ Michael Bockmüller: The "Marxist Week" 1923 and the establishment of the " Institute for Social Research ". In: Grand Hotel Abyss . Hamburg 2nd presumably u. exp. Ed. 1990, p. 157.
  5. ^ Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Special volume 2, pp. 82–83.
  6. ^ Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Special volume 3, S ,. 24-25.
  7. ↑ From No. 8, 5th year 1935 to year 6, 1936, issue 8.
  8. ↑ International literature . In: Lexicon of socialist German literature , Leipzig 1964, p. 264.
  9. ↑ Alexander Vatlin : "What a devil pack": The German operation of the NKVD in Moscow and in the Moscow region from 1936 to 1941. Metropol, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86331-090-5 , p. 321
  10. ^ Contributions to Marx-Engels research. New episode. Special volume 3 , pp. 427-428.
  11. ^ Reprint: Bruno Frank: Cervantes. Novel. With an appendix (Klaus Mann, Ernst Toller , Karl Schmückle) and follow-up remarks by Klaus Hermsdorf. Book publisher Der Morgen, Berlin 1978
  12. ↑ Reprint: In: Mittelweg 36 , 14th year, 2005, issue 2, pp. 53–70
personal data
SURNAME Schmückle, Karl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schmückle, Karl Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian, literary scholar and MEGA employee
DATE OF BIRTH September 9, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Enzklösterle -Gompelscheuer
DATE OF DEATH March 14, 1938
Place of death near Moscow