Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger

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Bust of Solger

Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger (born November 28, 1780 in Schwedt a. O. in the Uckermark , † October 25, 1819 in Berlin ) was a philologist and philosopher of German idealism .

Life

After attending the Berlin Gymnasium zum Grauen Kloster , Solger studied law and classical philology in Halle from 1798 to 1801 and then spent a semester in Jena, where he heard Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling's lectures on "Representation of my system of philosophy". In 1802 he traveled to France and Switzerland. When he returned to Berlin he became a trainee lawyer in the War and Domain Chamber and continued his studies. So around 1804 he took part in Johann Gottlieb Fichte's college on science . In 1807 he left the civil service, earned his doctorate in 1808 with his translation of the Sophoclean tragedies and in 1809 accepted a call to the University of Frankfurt / Oder .

In 1811 Solger was appointed to the newly founded Berlin University , where he was rector from 1814–15. In addition to broad fields of classical philology, his teaching also included philosophy with a focus on aesthetics, metaphysics, logic and the philosophy of law. Here he worked alongside Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , to whose appointment to Berlin he made a decisive contribution, and worked until his sudden death in autumn 1819.

Friday company

When he was a student, Solger and friends took part in the so-called Friday Society in Halle: On the day of the week, literary and scientific topicality was discussed, or own texts were read out and critically commented on. This group of friends stayed in contact until the late 19th century. This included u. a. Friedrich von Raumer , Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen , Ludwig Hain , Friedrich August Gotthold . In addition, Solger had visited the Greek Society of Johann Heinrich Voss the Younger during his Jena semester , where he became close friends with the latter and with Bernhard Rudolf Abeken . However, he only met his closest friend later: In 1811 he became friends with the poet Ludwig Tieck. The lively exchange of ideas on the subjects of Shakespeare's philology, religion and irony did not end between the two men until Solger's death.

family

In 1813 Solger married Henriette von der Groeben , the only daughter of Major Wilhelm Ludwig Heinrich von der Groeben († 1794) and his wife Henriette Emilie von Kropff (1772-1856). He had four children with her (one died in 1816 at the age of one). His daughter Adelheid (1817–1870) married the Dutch politician Johan Rudolf Thorbecke (1798–1872) on July 15, 1836 . They were well acquainted with the poet Ludwig Tieck , and later the widow even moved to Dresden because of him; some of their correspondence has survived.

Death and grave

Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger died a few weeks before his 39th birthday on October 25, 1819 in Berlin. He was buried in the cemetery of the Dorotheenstädtische and Friedrichswerder parishes on Chausseestrasse . The grave has not been preserved.

plant

Solger initially published translations from the Greek, in particular from Pindar in the magazine Pantheon . The publication of the translation of Sophocles (Berlin 1808, 2 vol .; 3rd ed. 1837; new edition 2008 by Fischer TB) was only successful to a small extent, although Solger owed it a good reputation in the world of scholars and even with Goethe.

From 1809 he worked on an extensive mythology work that he could not complete. At the same time he worked out a four-part dialogue between 1811 and 1815, Erwin. Four conversations about beauty and art (Berlin 1815, 2 vol .; annotated reprint in 1 vol. By W. Henckmann 1970), which went almost unnoticed, although central terms from romantic and idealistic ideas were taken up and articulated again (Symbol and allegory, irony).

This was followed by Philosophical discussions (Berlin 1817).

Solger died at the time of publication of his extensive review of AW Schlegel's lectures on dramatic art and literature in the Vienna Yearbooks (reprint by W. Henckmann together with Erwin 1970). The best known is the posthumous edition of his lectures on aesthetics by his former student Karl Wilhelm Ludwig Heyse (Berlin 1829), which takes up the subject of Erwin with a more accessible, but flatter form of presentation.

Most of Solger's unfinished texts can be found in his bequeathed writings and correspondence , which were published by his friends Johann Ludwig Tieck and Friedrich von Raumer (Leipzig 1826, 2 vols .; Reprint 1973).

reception

So far, Solger has primarily been received as a theoretician of symbols and irony. The concept of 'romantic irony' is at the center of the reception of his aesthetics. With this keyword Solger is mostly approximated to the irony concept of the Jena / Schlegel romanticism. But Solger's aesthetic thinking takes a different approach than Schlegel's thinking. In addition, the current research interests focus on other aspects of his philosophy, including a. the philosophy of religion and metaphysics as well as the theory of dialogue.

Known students

  • Johann Gottlieb Kunisch (1789-1852) was a German high school teacher at the Collegium Fridericianum in Breslau, author and editor

Works

literature

  • Anne Baillot : Actuality of Sophocles. On the translation and staging of Antigone : An unpublished letter from Rudolf Abeken to Karl Solger (Weimar, 1809). In: Journal for German Philology. Volume 120, 2001, issue 2.
  • Friedhelm Decher: The Aesthetics of KWF Solger. Heidelberg 1994.
  • Hermann Fricke: KWF Solger. A scholarly life in Brandenburg and Berlin at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. Berlin 1972.
  • Mildred Galland-Szymkowiak: Philosophy and Religion at KWF Solger. A contribution to the post-Kantian question of the principle of philosophy. In: C. Asmuth. K. Drilo (ed.): One or the other. God in classical German philosophy and in contemporary thinking. Tübingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-16-150112-8 .
  • Wolfhart Henckmann: Solger's Schelling Study in Jena 1801/02. Five unpublished letters. In: Hegel studies. Volume 13. Bonn 1978.
  • Wolfhart Henckmann: Symbolic and allegorical art at Solger. In: W. Jaeschke, H. Holzey (ed.): Early idealism and early romanticism. The dispute over the foundations of aesthetics (1795–1805). Hamburg 1990.
  • Wolfhart Henckmann: About being, not being and knowing and related problems of the philosophy KWF Solger. In: W. Jaeschke, H. Holzey (ed.): Transcendental philosophy and speculation. The dispute over the shape of a first philosophy (1799–1807). Hamburg 1993.
  • Wolfhart Henckmann: Solger's view of the unity of revelation and true philosophy. In: W. Jaeschke (ed.): Philosophy of religion and speculative theology. The dispute over the Divine Things (1799–1812). Hamburg 1994.
  • Percy Matenko: Tieck and Solger. The Complete Correspondence. New York / Berlin 1933.
  • Markus Ophälders: Romantic irony. Essay on Solger. Wuerzburg 2004.
  • Markus Ophälders:  Solger, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0 , pp. 550-552 ( digitized version ). (Not evaluated)
  • Ferdinand Jacob Schmidt:  Solger, Karl . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 54, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1908, pp. 380-383.
  • Paul Schulte: Solger's doctrine of beauty in the context of German idealism: Kant, Schiller, W. von Humboldt, Schelling, Solger, Schleiermacher, Hegel. Kassel 2001.
  • KWF Solger: Legacy writings and correspondence. Edited by Ludwig Tieck and Friedrich von Raumer 2 volumes. Leipzig 1826 ( Volume I online ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hans-Jürgen Mende : Lexicon of Berlin burial places . Pharus-Plan, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86514-206-1 . P. 104.
personal data
SURNAME Solger, Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Solger, Karl; Solger, Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philologist, university professor and philosopher
DATE OF BIRTH November 28, 1780
PLACE OF BIRTH Schwedt / Oder
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1819
Place of death Berlin