Karlskaserne (Freiburg im Breisgau)
| Karlskaserne | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Today's condition as an official building |
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| country | Germany | ||
| today | Office for children, youth and family | ||
| local community | Freiburg in Breisgau | ||
| Coordinates : | 48 ° 0 ' N , 7 ° 51' E | ||
| Opened | 1773 | ||
| Stationed troops | |||
| 5th Infantry Regiment |
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Location of the Karlskaserne in Baden-Württemberg |
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The Karlskaserne was a building used by the military in Freiburg im Breisgau , which originated from the time of the town under Maria Theresa in the Upper Austrian period . The barracks was at the east end of the Am Siegesdenkmal square and the end of Kaiser-Joseph-Strasse and was destroyed in the Second World War. Today only the west wing is standing, in which the Office for Children, Youth and Family (AKi) of the city is housed.
history
After the Breisach fortress was lost to France during the Peace of Westphalia , the Austrians expanded Freiburg into a military base in 1651 and built barracks near the Christoffeltor near the medieval city wall. It didn't help, because as early as 1677, François de Créquy conquered the city for the crown of France. Under French rule, the gate, wall and barracks had to give way to a modern Vauban's fortress . The French also built a new barracks. However, after Freiburg had become Habsburg again in the preliminary peace of Breslau and the Peace of Dresden , they razed the building in 1745 before they left the city.
In 1773 the Breisgau estates commissioned Leonhard Wippert to rebuild the barracks. The building was named Karlskaserne after Archduke Karl Ludwig Johann Joseph Laurentius v. Austria , the liberator of Freiburg , who drove the French revolutionary troops out of the city in 1796.
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After the victory over France in 1870/71 , the city named the square in front of the Karlskaserne after Kaiser Wilhelm I and designated it as the location for the victory monument , which was inaugurated in 1876 in the presence of his Majesty. After the monument was relocated for traffic reasons, the square has been called: Am Siegesdenkmal since 1962 .
Karlsplatz or Wilhelmsplatz and the area of today's city garden served as parade and practice areas. Fairs and fairs were also held there. As the city grew rapidly, the parade ground was relocated to today's Freiburg airfield in 1887 . At the old location, south of the art and festival hall built by Friedrich Eisenlohr in 1854 , the city garden was set up as a local recreation area. The area around Hermannstrasse and Erasmusstrasse was also separated from the barracks area and built on.
Since 1866 the 5th Baden Infantry Regiment No. 113 was stationed in the Karlskaserne. Eighteen bronze plaques, which were attached to the pillars of the lattice in front of the barracks in 1874, commemorate the dead of the “113”. These were set up in 1972 in the old cemetery .
When the Rempart barracks was demolished in 1906 in order to build the college building I of the university there, the Karlskaserne was expanded with new buildings and extensions. a. through the nearby Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich barracks in the Neuburg district .
The military use ended in 1919. The building became the property of the city and was used as an administration building, most recently as the seat of the NSDAP district leadership. During the air raid on Freiburg on November 27, 1944, the barracks were badly damaged. In 1950/51, the west wing of the building, the original main building, was rebuilt in a slightly simplified form, but retaining the 21-axis window front, and initially used by the Oberpostdirektion Freiburg im Breisgau . After this authority had moved to a new building in the west of the city in 1975, the former barracks was used as an office building for the municipal social and youth welfare office; After a reorganization of the administration, the Office for Children, Youth and Family (AKI) is housed here.
building
The symmetrical four-story building with 21 window axes facing west is kept simple. The middle section with three window axes is set slightly to the front and, like the three outer window axes, set off by pilaster strips . Compared to the previous building, the fourth full floor is slightly lower than in the original building, but dormer windows were built into the roof over the entire width . The gable above the middle section was not built until after 1826 to accommodate the clock of the nearby, broken-down Christophstor.
The only facade decoration above the main entrance of the building is a heraldic cartouche made of three heraldic shields. It symbolizes the Breisgau estates as builders of the barracks. Above is the Christ preserving the world for the prelate class who had to bear a quarter of the construction costs. This included the abbots and abbesses of the monasteries of St. Blasien , Schuttern , St. Peter , Tennenbach , Adelhausen and Günterstal . At the bottom left is St. George fighting, representing the knighthood and the nobility who also had to bear a quarter. The second half of the construction costs was borne by the third estate, which is represented by a quartered coat of arms. It contains the individual coats of arms of the cities of Freiburg im Breisgau (cross), Breisach (eagle), Neuchâtel (oblique right bar) and Waldshut (forest ranger). Freiburg held the presidency and was therefore given the most important place on the coat of arms. These three coats of arms were also on the three pillars in front of the Freiburg Minster . In the meantime, however, only the coat of arms of the third estate can be seen on the right column.
In front of the building there was a lance grille across the entire width, which has been preserved, but has not been reattached, but has been stored.
literature
- Peter Kalchthaler : Freiburg and its buildings, an art-historical city tour . Promo Verlag, Freiburg 2006, ISBN 3-923288-45-X .
- Peter Untucht : Freiburg and the Regio . DuMont Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2007, ISBN 978-3-7701-7338-9 .
- Wolfgang Herterich: Freiburg as a garrison town from 1866 to 1919. In: Freiburg Almanach. 45: 87-93 (1994).
Individual evidence
- ^ The Freiburg Victory Monument . In: The Gazebo . 1877, p. 716 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
- ↑ Peter Kalchthaler: Ox cart in front of the commandant's office , Badische Zeitung of October 20, 2008, accessed on January 9, 2011
- ↑ Walter Vetter: City Flugplatz Freiburg-Breisgau ( Memento of the original from February 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , 1971, accessed June 10, 2011
- ^ Rudolf Thoma: The art and festival hall . In: Baden Architects and Engineers Association, Upper Rhine District (Ed.): Freiburg im Breisgau. The city and its buildings . HM Poppen & Sohn, Freiburg im Breisgau 1898, p. 573-574 ( Scan - Wikisource ).
- ↑ Ute Scherb: “We get the monuments that we deserve.” Freiburg monuments in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Publications from the archive of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau , No. 21. Freiburg 2005, ISBN 3-923272-31-6 , pp. 74f.
- ^ Bernhard Peter: Die Karlskaserne in Freiburg , in: Heraldik: Photos of coats of arms in an architectural context , 2010, accessed on March 30, 2013
