Kavalan
The Kavalan (Kebalan, Kbalan, 噶 瑪蘭) are one of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan . They originally lived in the Lanyang Plains (蘭 陽 平原) but gradually moved south due to pressure from the Han immigrants. Most of the Kavalan people today live in Yilan County (in Yilan City and in the rural communities of Dongshan , Sanxing , Zhuangwei , Luodong, and Su'ao ), in Hualien County (in Hualien City and Fengbin Township ), and in Taitung County in the rural community Changbin .
According to official statistics, the number of Kavalan in September 2018 was 1,477 people.
Origin of name
The name Yilan comes from the language of the Kavalan Kbalan . Kbalan means "people who live in the plain" and is different from the Pusulan Atayal who lived in the area of the mountain at that time.
history
Before the Han Chinese began to immigrate under the leadership of Wu-Sa in 1787, the Kavalan lived in the Kavalan Plain (Lanyang Plain) and operated their own agriculture. The Han immigrants initially tried to stay on the fringes outside the settlement areas of the Kabalan, but gradually treated the Kavalan with disrespect and tried, among other things, to fraudulently win the country. The behavior of the Han settlers eventually forced the Kavalan to migrate south to Hualien and Taitung. A large part of the Kavalan moved to the Qilai Plain (the plains around today's city of Hualien) from 1830 to 1840 and was eventually absorbed by the Sakizaya , the then dominant people of the Qilay Plain. There they were divided into six communities, including the largest community, Kaliawan.
On June 18, 1878, there was an open battle between the Kavalan and the Han immigrants. The causes of the conflict lay in the clashes over the unjust trade and the harassment of women. The Kavalan finally decided to fight the Han and Qing administrations. The armed conflicts between the Kavalan and the Sakizaya and Qing troops allied with them culminated in the so-called Takobowan battle (or Takubuwan battle; in the Sakizaya language: Takubuwa a kawaw ; in Kavalan: Lanas na Kabalaen ; Chinese: 加 禮宛 戰役 ), in which many Kavalan and Sakizaya were killed. After the fight, the Kavalan were expelled to various places and gradually integrated into the Han and other indigenous societies.
Culture
Matrilinearity prevails among the Kavalans . The priests (祭司) are all women, and the male hierarchy of the tribe is determined by age ranking . Special rituals are qataban, the rite after victory (the present harvest festival , 豐年 祭), kisaiz, the rite of passage to the medicine woman, the healing ritual pakalabi, the burial patxuqan / patuxqan, and the ancestral cult palilin, which takes place at the end of the year .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ 原住民 人口 數 統計 資料 ("Population statistics of the indigenous people"). Council of Indigenous Peoples, Taiwan, accessed November 8, 2018 (Traditional Chinese).
- ↑ 康培德, 李宜憲, 陳 俊男: 《加 禮 宛 事件》 . 2015, ISBN 978-986-04-6850-2 (Chinese).
