Klaus Mountains
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The Klausberge on the right bank of the Saale in the north of Halle (Saale) in the Trotha district are a group of porphyry rocks which, as a two-dimensional natural monument, cover an area of around 4.5 hectares and 15 to 20 m above the level of the Saale and 115 m above the Sea level.
geology
The Klaus Mountains, part of the Hallesches Porphyry Complex and shaped by the Upper Hallesches Porphyry, owe their emergence to volcanic eruptions of liquid quartz porphyry masses in the Lower Permian about 250 million years ago. Due to the viscous state of the lavas , there were no steady and wide flow movements, so that many debris porphyries formed, which can be seen on the rock below Giebichenstein Castle .
Importance as a natural monument
The porphyry hill landscape of the Klausberge with its rocky slopes, rock ridges and hilltops is part of the Lower Saale Valley nature park .
To move to the porphyry domes and the Saale Hang dry grasslands , semi-dry grasslands , rocky corridors, poor grasslands and heaths from. Similarly, the Klaus mountains are characterized by successively resulting forest and wood structures and once from Halle Verschönerungsverein early 20th century planted lilacs stocks from.
On the dry sites, species such as feather grass , pearl grass , pasque flower , orchids , spring Adonis , meadow sage and globular flower occur. Especially in the early summer, the plant community impresses with its splendor of colors. There is a striking insect fauna . The Klausberge thus serve as an important habitat and retreat for numerous animal and plant species, but also as a recreational area for the population.
history
The Klausberge, also known as the Trothaer Berge, reached in the north as far as the Trothaer Kirche , where a quarry was operated as early as the 12th century.
A hermit is said to have settled in the mountains as early as 1116 . Almost 100 years later, another hermit, a monk of the mendicant order of the Servites or Marienknechte founded in Florence , came to the mountain, who was followed by other brothers. The mountains were later named after the secluded hermitage, the hermitage or the Klus in which the monks lived, in 1424 “Des Kluseners Berg”. At the foot of the mountain, the clergymen built a chapel dedicated to Mary and St. James . In 1216 Archbishop Albrecht II gave them a farm in Trotha with land, and later the entire mountain area and another farm. The number of Klausberg monks increased steadily, so that in 1306 they left their place of residence and moved to Halle. Only two monks remained on the Klausberg until the Reformation , where they held services.
The mountain first went to the New Abbey , later to the Giebichenstein office , which used the area as a sheep pasture. In the 19th century, the mountain was further narrowed by quarrying, and parts were blown away that hindered shipping.
In 1871 the Hallische Beautification Association took on the terrain. The slopes were planted with trees, especially lilac, and paths were made.
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In 1912 the city of Halle bought the area from the State of Prussia for 50,000 marks to build a sewer below the mountain. They used this also applied in the 17th century tow path on which the Treidler attracted the ships saale upwards.
From 1890 to 1922 there was a huge imperial monument erected by Joseph Kaffsack in front of today's staircase to the Jahn cave .
The Klausberge were best known through the poets Joseph von Eichendorff and Ludwig Hölty as well as through Friedrich Ludwig Jahn . The Eichendorffbank is reminiscent of Eichendorff and the Jahn cave of Jahn .
The lyric poet Hölty, who, like Eichendorff, studied for a year in Halle, also sang about the lovely Saale valley in his verses. The so-called Höltybank is said to have stood on a rocky knoll across from the Kröllwitz paper mill.
On the evening of September 17, 1822, the poet Luise Brachmann is said to have jumped from a rocky promontory in front of the Jahn cave out of lovesickness into the hall. According to Schultze-Galléra , however, it is more likely that she threw herself into the Saale near the stone mill. This ledge, also called Brachmann-Felsen or "Halzbrecherfelsen", was largely blown away in 1850.
literature
- Otto Jacob: The Klaus Mountains . (= Trothaer Geschichte - Trothaer Histories , Issue 3.). Edited by vd Bürgerinitiative Gesundes Trotha eV, Druck-Zuck, Halle (Saale) 1994, ISBN 3-928466-07-0 .
- Siegmar von Schultze-Galléra : Topography or history of houses and streets in the city of Halle ad Saale. Third volume: The incorporations of Giebichenstein, Trotha, Cröllwitz, Gimritz. Verl. Wilhelm Hendrichs, Halle 1920, reprint , Verlag Rockstuhl , Bad Langensalza 2018, ISBN 978-3-95966-305-2 , pp. 100-105.
- K. Billwitz, S. Bräutigam, J. Buschendorf u. a .: The Saale Valley in Halle - past and present . (= Nature and environment). Edited by City Council Halle (Saale), 1982, without ISBN.
