Small fort "Am Forsthofweg"

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Small fort "Am Forsthofweg"
limes ORL NN ( RLK )
Route (RLK) Upper German Limes ,
route 1 (Rhine-Lahn)
Dating (occupancy) unknown
Type Small fort
unit unknown vexillatio
size 0.07 ha
Construction Wood earth
State of preservation flat soil deformations
place Hammerstein / Bad Hönningen
Geographical location 50 ° 29 '40 "  N , 7 ° 23' 38"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 29 '40 "  N , 7 ° 23' 38"  E
height 367  m above sea level NHN
Previous Kleinastell Rheinbrohl (west-northwest)
Subsequently ORL 1a: Niederbieber Fort (southeast)

The small fort "Am Forsthofweg" was a Roman military camp in the Upper German Limes , which in 2005 achieved the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site . The fortification was located in the area of the present-day Rhineland-Palatinate district of Neuwied nearby municipality Bad Hönningen , the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes in the area from the river border of the Rhine - the Lower Germanic Limes towards solving the east, between the local church - Rheinbrohl and City of Bad Hönningen began in the north.

Location and research history

Location of the fort on the Limes

The small fort "Am Forsthofweg" is located away from the closed settlement areas in the forests of the Hammerstein district , about three and a half kilometers as the crow flies northeast of the local community and Hammerstein Castle . It was discovered in 1894 under the direction of the local route commissioner of the Reich Limes Commission (RLK), Heinrich Jacobi Heinrich Jacobi (1866-1946), and examined in two excavation campaigns in 1894 and 1901.

At this point, old roads led to the Limes in ancient times. They partially ran parallel to this as high-altitude trails, and partially crossed it. The occupation of the fort was probably responsible for monitoring these geographic traffic conditions.

Fort

Floor plan and terrain profile
Wooden structure inside the fort

It is an almost square earthwork of about 0.7 hectares. In front of the palisade, a wall and a moat five meters wide and one and a half meters deep served as obstacles to approach. With its only gate, the camp faced north, towards the Limes. Inside, an approximately 45 square meter, presumably two-phase wooden structure of unknown function was found, which was disturbed in its northwestern area by a medieval pit.

No reliable statements can be made on the start or end dates. Neither is the occupation of the small camp known, which presumably - as with the small fort Rheinbrohl - was probably the vexillatio of a larger auxiliary unit . It is possible that she was responsible for monitoring a Limes crossing that could be detected between the watchtowers Wp 13 and Wp 13a.

The deformations of the soil caused by embankments and ditches are still clearly visible in the terrain today.

Limes course between the small fort "Am Forsthofweg" and the Niederbieber fort

The northernmost section of the Upper German Limes, between its starting point and the Niederbieber fort , has been preserved in different states. Especially in the sparsely populated, wooded mountain ranges northeast of the Rhine, numerous traces of both the Limes ditch itself and its watchtowers can be seen in the area. Sometimes it runs directly parallel to the Rheinhöhenweg .

Traces of the Limes structures between the small fort "Am Forsthofweg" and the Niederbieber fort :

ORL Name / place Description / condition
Wp 1/14 "On the Forsthofweg"
Wp 1/14 inside
Faintly perceptible soil deformations due to the rubble mound of a former stone tower with a floor plan of 4.30 × 4.50 meters and a wall thickness of 0.75 meters. Inside the tower, an undisturbed, found-containing layer of fire was found at the level of the upper edge of the foundation base.

The tower is only a good 20 m away from the northwest corner of the small fort "Am Forsthofweg".

KK Small fort "Am Forsthofweg" see above
Wp 1/15 Due to the topographical conditions and the average distance between the watchtowers, suspected but not archaeologically proven tower location.
Wp 1/16 "Am Heideweg"
Wp 1/16
Tower site of a stone and a wooden tower.

Highly visible stone tower hill with a diameter of around twelve meters on the site of an older wooden tower, 35 meters from the palisade and about 30 meters from the moat. The square tower, 4.15 meters long and 0.75 meters thick, was located on an artificially created hill made of slate rubble and covered with a 0.10 meter thick layer of coal.

The older wooden tower could be proven through a 1.65 meter deep post pit under the northwest corner of the stone tower. It was surrounded by a 1.30 meter wide but only 0.35 meter deep trench.

Wp 1/17 "On the Rothestalweg"
Wp 1/17 location
Wp 17 floor plan
Tower section consisting of a stone and a wooden tower.

Barely noticeable rubble mound of a former stone tower with dimensions of 4.20 × 4.20 meters and a wall thickness of 0.80 meters.

An older wooden tower, which was verified by means of three corner post holes, stood immediately next to it and was surrounded by an annular moat that was twelve meters in diameter. Both tower points are approximately 25 to 30 meters behind the Limes.

Wp 1/18 "On the root"
Wp 1/18
Two faintly perceptible rubble mounds of former square stone towers at 356  m above sea level. NN (TP between the two hills). The western tower had a wall thickness of 0.70 to 0.72 meters with a side length of 4.20 meters, the eastern tower had a side length of 4.50 meters with a wall thickness of 0.75 meters. Traces of an older wooden tower surrounded by a moat were found under the western tower.

The interruption of the Limes, 14 to 33 meters away from the towers, is also perceptible in the area, with only the wall and moat being interrupted, but not the course of the palisade.

Wp 1/19 "At the foot of the root" Barely noticeable rubble mound of a former stone tower about 30 meters away from the Limes, which was already severely disturbed at the time of the excavations. An approximately square ring trench with a side length of 10 m indicates the existence of an older wooden tower.
Wp 1/20 "At the Tampur House" Easily visible rubble mound of a stone tower around 22 m behind the moat. The side length of the square tower was 4.10 meters, its wall thickness 0.80 meters. Traces of a wooden previous tower have been found under the southeast corner of the stone tower.
Wp 1/21 "Am Gebranntehof" Terrain deformations no longer perceptible due to a former wooden tower. The site of the stone tower, which had also been here, was destroyed during the construction of the water reservoir of a nearby homestead. The wooden tower was located about 17 meters, the stone tower about 30 meters from the palisade moat.
Wp 1/22 "On the Schurbusch"
Wp 1/22 position
Wp 1/22 floor plan
Exactly 20 m behind the moat is the easily perceptible rubble hill of a square stone tower with a side length of 4.00 meters and a wall thickness of 0.76 meters. About 26 m east of the stone tower and directly on the Limes, the wall of which it is partially overlaid, is the tower of an older wooden tower, which was surrounded by a circular moat. During the excavation of the wooden tower, the unusually large amount of almost a hundredweight ceramic shards came to light.
Wp 1/23 "In Eckert's spruces"
Wp 1/23 position
Wp 1/23 details
Perceptible soil deformation of a former stone tower with a side length of approximately 4 × 4 meters and a wall thickness of 0.80 meters. The tower stood in the middle of an approximately eleven-meter-wide interruption in the wall and the moat. The palisade moat was not interrupted, but rather showed signs of deliberate structural reinforcement through numerous wedge stones. According to the excavation findings, the tower was destroyed by fire.
Wp 1/24 Assumed but not archaeologically proven tower site due to the average watchtower spacing.
Wp 1/25 "Im Gewann Kalbeizer" Barely noticeable deformation of the ground of a stone tower that was erected directly above the older wooden tower. The area was already severely disturbed at the time of the excavation. A Bronze Age grave is located near the watchtower, and some prehistoric individual finds were made both in the stone tower ruins and in the backfilling of the palisade trench.
Wp 1/26 "In the win on the bush" A stone tower with a hexagonal floor plan and a diameter of around 5.50 meters, proven by the RLK. A wooden predecessor building could also be verified through two post holes and a ring trench around nine meters in diameter. At the time of the excavations, the findings were already severely disturbed. Today nothing can be seen of the tower, which was about 21 meters from the moat.
Wp 1/27 to 1/28 Suspected but not proven tower locations.
Wp 1/29 Already at the time of the RLK, the tower was only localized by the accumulation of building material and ceramic finds. Today the place is built over.
Wp 1/30 to 1/32 Suspected but not proven tower locations.
ORL 1a Niederbieber Castle see main article Niederbieber Castle

Monument protection

The small fort on the Forsthofweg and the aforementioned ground monuments have been part of the UNESCO World Heritage as a section of the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes since 2005 . In addition, the facilities are cultural monuments according to the Monument Protection Act of the State of Rhineland-Palatinate (DSchG) . Research and targeted collection of finds are subject to approval. Incidental finds are to be reported to the monument authorities.

See also

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ ORL = numbering of the Limes structures according to the publication of the Reich Limes Commission on the O bergermanisch- R ätischen- L imes
  2. ↑ Wp = W oh p east, watch tower. The number before the slash denotes the Limes section, the number after the slash denotes the respective watchtower.
  3. ↑ Tower position Wp 1/14 at 50 ° 29 ′ 39.83 ″  N , 7 ° 23 ′ 34.23 ″  E
  4. ↑ KK = unnumbered K linseed K astell
  5. ↑ Tower location Wp 1/15 assumed at 50 ° 29 ′ 38.82 ″  N , 7 ° 23 ′ 50.25 ″  E
  6. ↑ tower point Wp 1/16 at 50 ° 29 '28.79 "  N , 7 ° 23' 55.41"  O
  7. ↑ Steinturm Wp 1/17 at approximately 50 ° 29 '13.82 "  N , 7 ° 23' 58.51"  O
  8. ↑ Wooden tower Wp 1/17 approximately at 50 ° 29 ′ 13.39 ″  N , 7 ° 23 ′ 58.16 ″  E
  9. ↑ Wp 1/18, western stone tower: 50 ° 28 '55.99 "  N , 7 ° 24' 15.59"  O
  10. ↑ Wp 1/18, eastern stone tower: 50 ° 28 ′ 56.04 ″  N , 7 ° 24 ′ 16.3 ″  E
  11. ↑ Tower location Wp 1/19 at around 50 ° 28 ′ 35.43 ″  N , 7 ° 24 ′ 21.97 ″  E
  12. ↑ tower point Wp 1/20 at 50 ° 28 '22 "  N , 7 ° 24' 26.63"  O
  13. ↑ Holzturm Wp 1/21 at 50 ° 28 '11.24 "  N , 7 ° 24' 46.97"  O
  14. ↑ Stone tower Wp 1/21 at around 50 ° 28 ′ 10.65 ″  N , 7 ° 24 ′ 46.13 ″  E
  15. ↑ Stone tower Wp 1/22 at 50 ° 28 ′ 0.6 ″  N , 7 ° 25 ′ 9.13 ″  E
  16. ↑ Wooden tower Wp 1/22 at 50 ° 28 ′ 0.6 ″  N , 7 ° 25 ′ 10.96 ″  E
  17. ↑ tower point Wp 1/23 at 50 ° 27 '57.84 "  N , 7 ° 25' 31.94"  O
  18. ↑ Tower site Wp 1/24 assumed at 50 ° 27 '51.71 "  N , 7 ° 25' 50.25"  E
  19. ↑ Tower position Wp 1/25 at around 50 ° 27 ′ 48.24 ″  N , 7 ° 26 ′ 6.89 ″  E
  20. ↑ Bonner Jahrbücher 106, pp. 73 ff. And Table 2.
  21. ↑ tower point Wp 1/26 at about 50 ° 27 '42.38 "  N , 7 ° 26' 30.61"  O
  22. ↑ tower point Wp 1/27 suspected at 50 ° 27 '47.92 "  N , 7 ° 26' 50.86"  O and tower position Wp 1/28 suspected at 50 ° 27 '56.53 "  N , 7 ° 27' 7 , 21 ″  O
  23. ↑ Tower point Wp 1729 at around 50 ° 27 ′ 57.03 ″  N , 7 ° 27 ′ 28.65 ″  E
  24. ↑ Tower location Wp 1/30 assumed at 50 ° 28 ′ 2.23 ″  N , 7 ° 27 ′ 51.5 ″  E , tower location Wp 1/31 at 50 ° 28 ′ 14.48 ″  N , 7 ° 28 ′ 22, 29 "  O and tower position Wp 1/32 at 50 ° 28 '29.31"  N , 7 ° 28' 34.95 "  O
  25. ↑ ORL XY = consecutive numbering of the forts of the ORL