Kleinsteinach (Riedbach)
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Kleinsteinach
Municipality Riedbach
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 37 ″ N , 10 ° 26 ′ 52 ″ E
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| Height : | 292 m above sea level NHN |
| Area : | 4.02 km² |
| Residents : | 432 (Jan. 2, 2015) |
| Population density : | 107 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | May 1, 1978 |
| Postal code : | 97519 |
| Area code : | 09526 |
 Half-timbered house in Kleinsteinach
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Kleinsteinach is a district of the municipality of Riedbach in the Lower Franconian district of Haßberge ( Bavaria ).
geography
The street village is located in the northwest of the district. In the hilly Haßgau, the place is traversed by the Riedbach and the tributary Hainbach. Federal highway 303 is located north of Kleinsteinach . The district road HAS 5 from Humprechtshausen to Mechenried leads through the village.
history
Kleinsteinach means "place on a stony brook". Between 800 and 900 "Steinaha" was mentioned several times in documents on the occasion of donations to the Fulda monastery .
The village initially consisted of the Willingerhof, Schnausenhof, Sächsischer Hof and Judenhof. For 1313 three mills are also occupied. In addition to a no longer known mill, these were the Petersmühle and the Veiersmühle.
A Jewish community existed from the 15th century. Ecclesiastically, Kleinsteinach belonged to the Catholic parish of Mechenried. The Protestants were assigned to Rügheim in 1838 . In 1696 the Würzburg monastery acquired subjects and rights in Mechenried from Sachsen-Hildburghausen .
In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria, the community edict of 1818 created the independent community of Kleinsteinach. In 1862 the rural community of Kleinsteinach, consisting of the parish village Kleinsteinach and the two wastelands Geiersmühle and Petersmühle, was incorporated into the newly created Bavarian district office of Haßfurt . In 1871 the rural community Kleinsteinach had 451 inhabitants, of whom 219 were Catholics, 104 Protestants and 128 Jews, as well as 99 residential buildings. The place had the largest Jewish community in the Haßfurt district office. The Catholic parish was in Mechenried, 3.1 kilometers away, and the Catholic denominational school was in town. In 1900 there were 488 residents in the 402 hectare community, including 229 Catholics, 130 Protestants and 129 Jews, in 101 residential buildings. The evangelical parish responsible was in Rügheim, 5.5 kilometers away. In 1925 Kleinsteinach had 89 residential buildings and 423 residents, 232 Catholics, 146 Protestants and 45 Jews.
The Second World War cost 25 people their lives, 9 missing people were counted.
Kleinsteinach had its own school in the schoolhouse built in 1885 until 1968. In 1969 the community joined the Riedbachgrund school association and, from the 1977/78 school year, joined the Hofheim school association.
On July 1, 1972, the Haßfurt district was dissolved as part of the regional reform and Kleinsteinach became part of the Haßberg district. As of May 1, 1978, the four formerly independent municipalities Humprechtshausen, Kleinmünster , Kleinsteinach and Mechenried were merged to form the new municipality of Riedbach as part of the Bavarian municipal area reform .
Jewish community
Jews were first mentioned in Kleinsteinach in 1453. After their expulsion from the prince-bishopric in 1560/61, they settled in the surrounding region. In 1699, 43 Jewish people lived in the village, which with its Jewish community was the seat of a district rabbinate in the 17th century. In 1814, 159 Jews were counted in Kleinsteinach, which corresponded to 41% of the population. In 1890 there were 131 Jews out of 483 inhabitants. Facilities included a synagogue , a religious school, a ritual bath and a cemetery. In 1933 there were still 33 Jewish people living in the area. The synagogue and the school were devastated by SA men during the November pogrom in 1938 . In 1942 the last ten Jewish residents were deported.
Population development
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Attractions
The Catholic branch church of St. Bartholomew was built in 1854 in the neo-Gothic style as a single-nave hall with a gable roof. It has a sandstone pilaster structure and a gable turret. The new building replaced a dilapidated choir tower church. The church was extensively renovated in the early 1990s. A new sandstone statue of St. Bartholomew was placed on the east facade and a neo-Gothic altar.
Next to the church, at Kirchplatz 3 , there is a two-story, gable-independent half-timbered building from 1715. The former teacher's residence has housed the Museum of Jewish Ways of Life since 2015 .
To the west of the village, at Herrenholz on the hillside, is the Jewish cemetery , which probably dates back to 1596 and has a Tahara house . There are over 1200 tombs in the former association cemetery for the surrounding communities.
A total of nine architectural monuments are listed in the Bavarian list of monuments .
literature
- Elisabeth Vogl: A whole place becomes a museum. »Jewish Paths of Life - Museum Kleinsteinach«. In: museum heute No. 50 / December 2016, ed. from the State Office for Non-State Museums in Bavaria, Munich 2016, ISSN 0944-8497, pp. 66–69.
Web links
- Kleinsteinach in the location database of the Bavarian State Library Online . Bavarian State Library
- Local Gazette 1847
- History of Kleinsteinach
Individual evidence
- ↑ Riedbach municipality
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i History of Kleinsteinach
- ^ Winfried Romberg: The dioceses of the ecclesiastical province of Mainz. The Diocese of Würzburg 8. The Würzburg bishops from 1684–1746 . De Gruyter, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-11-039295-1 , p. 113
- ↑ a b Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1309 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digital copy ).
- ↑ a b K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1326 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ a b Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1361 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 760 .
- ^ Jewish history / synagogue in Kleinsteinach near Alemannia Judaica
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB 453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1194 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB 453660959 , Section II, Sp. 873 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB 740801384 , p. 186 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB 94240937X , p. 363 ( digitized version ).