Climate in Finland
The climate in Finland is mainly determined by the northern location of the country. According to Vladimir Köppen's climate classification, most of the country belongs to the Dfc climate zone, which means cold temperate or subarctic climate. The extreme northwest around the Haltitunturi in the municipality of Enontekiö belongs to the climate zone ET, tundra climate , while the south coast from Turku to South Karelia has climate zone Dfb, i.e. a humid continental climate .
Finland's climate has aspects for both continental and maritime climates. This is because on the one hand the North Atlantic with the Gulf Stream is relatively close and the Baltic Sea and the many inland lakes soften the climate, on the other hand the Scandinavian Mountains shield Finland from the open sea. The Gulf Stream ensures that the Norwegian and Russian coasts north of Finland do not freeze even in winter, while the salty water of the Baltic Sea freezes over on the coasts, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia . But even in the south the ports cannot be used all year round without the help of icebreakers .
Rainfall
Overall, Finland is therefore drier with around 580 mm of annual precipitation than Germany with around 800 mm. Almost half of the precipitation falls in the months of July to October, the wettest is August. From February to May only about a fifth of the annual precipitation falls, and the least precipitation occurs in February. In the south and east of Finland there is about 700 mm of precipitation annually than in the north and west of about 500 mm. Overall, the average amount of precipitation has increased slightly over the past few decades.
Temperatures
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The mean annual temperature in Finland is only slightly above the freezing point of the water. Due to the large north-south expansion of the country, there are big differences here: While it is still relatively warm in Helsinki with an average of 4.8 ° C, the average temperature in Kajaani in Kainuu is around 1.9 ° C. Kainuu already counts as northern Finland, although it is roughly halfway between the extreme north and south of the country. In Inari in northeastern Finland, the average temperature of -1.3 ° C is even below freezing point. The Åland Islands are the warmest in the annual mean , Mariehamn has an average of 5.4 ° C. Finland is thus significantly colder than Germany, which has average annual temperatures of more than 8 ° C, but warmer than most countries in a similar geographical latitude . Magadan or Whitehorse are at a similar latitude to Helsinki, but are as cold as Inari.
Temperature records and climate change
The highest recorded temperature in Finland so far was 37.2 ° C in July 2010 in Liperi , the lowest temperature was recorded in January 1999 in Kittilä and was −51.5 ° C.
Temperatures in Finland have been measured nationwide since 1750. As elsewhere, there is a strongly fluctuating curve of the average temperature, which, however, tends to rise. While the moving average for the temperature in 1760 was 0.48 ° C, in 1990 it was 2.89 ° C. Finland may be less affected than other countries by the global rise in sea levels, as the post-glacial land uplift in the Baltic Sea region is not yet over. According to the Finnish Meteorological Institute, the 30-year mean temperature in the normal period 1981-2010 was 0.4 ° C above that of the previous normal period 1971-2000 and even 0.7 ° C above that of the last completed official normal period of the World Meteorological Organization which ranged from 1961 to 1990. This corresponds to the predicted increase in current climate models .
Web links
- Climate diagrams of other cities on Commons
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Climate for Finland on wetter.de, accessed November 17, 2017
- ^ A b Normal period 1981–2010 Finnish Meteorological Institute, accessed November 18, 2017
- ↑ Mercury Hits All-Time Record of 37.2 Degrees , Yle Uutiset , July 28, 2010, accessed November 2, 2017
- ↑ There is no bad weather, only bad clothing ( Memento of the original from December 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on oamk.fi, January 4, 2008, accessed November 18, 2017
- ↑ Regional Climate Change: Finland on Berkeley Earth, accessed November 18, 2017
