Krummin Monastery

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Choir with northern extension, 2014

The Krummin Monastery was a Cistercian monastery that existed from the 14th to the 16th century in Krummin on the northern part of the island of Usedom .

history

The monastery was built in 1302 and 1303 as a branch of the Cistercian monastery in Wollin . In May 1302, Duke Bogislaw IV of Pomerania gave the land of Bukow with the Gnitz to his then ten-year-old daughter Jutta and the other nuns of the Wollin monastery, which had fallen to him in the partition contract of 1295 . The donation was linked to the condition of a new Cistercian monastery being founded on the western side of the island of Usedom, which probably took place soon afterwards. After a short time, Krummin was in a better position than Wollin, because Wollin was not a rich monastery. Before May 1303 the property was divided between the two monasteries. New property disputes could be settled in 1305, but resulted in the final defection of the daughter monastery Krummin from the mother monastery in Wollin, with the Swine forming the border. Jutta, the duke's daughter, entered the new Krummin monastery at a very young age, after having lived in the Wollin monastery for three years. The re-establishment of the monastery was apparently related to the spiritual career of Jutta, who became abbess in 1323.

The Krummin village church in the Buckow region, built between 1260 and 1270, was expanded to become a monastery church. In addition to the patronage of the monastery and parish church, the monastery had further vicarages and the right to present two altar foundations.

Michaelis Church interior, 2014

Krummin Monastery was the second monastery based on Usedom , alongside Grobe Monastery, which was relocated to Pudagla a few years later . First and foremost, it was used for the proper care of unmarried daughters of the Pomeranian landed gentry. Barbara von Gützkow, mentioned for 1305 only by Johann Joachim Steinbrück , of five abbesses assigned to the monastery is not documented. The Greifenhaus belonged to: Jutta, a daughter of Bogislaw IV , abbess from 1323 to 1336, and Elisabeth, daughter of Wartislaw IX. , Abbess from 1442 to 1455. In addition, Abele Warschow, from a family of councilors from Greifswald, and Anna Cäcilie von Mansfeld for 1400 are named. In Krummin, the abbess was not also the head of the convent. The prioress held this role until 1503.

Economic conditions

With the exception of the Gnitz , on which the von Lepel family lived, the monastery property extended to the entire northwest of the island of Usedom. To the east it extended to Tzys , today's Zinnowitz . There was also a so-called place of grace. The chapel, which probably already existed in the 14th century but was first mentioned in a document in the 15th century, which was dedicated to the Queen of Heaven , was related to the customs of the local rural population. The nightly procession with candles and lights carried out by the farmers on Epiphany was finally banned by Philip I , the first Protestant Duke of Pomerania.

Further estates with extensive free float were acquired in the course of time on the mainland in the area around Wolgast . This included Hohendorf , which was bought from the von Neuenkirchen family in 1473 . After 1480 the monastery received eight books from the pastor of Krummin, including Jacobus de Voragine and a Passionale. In 1521 goblets, books, vestments and jewels were kept in the dilapidated garvenkammer.

As a nunnery, the Krummin Monastery was in some respects dependent on the Pudagla Monastery, also located on Usedom , a monastery. According to a message passed down by Johann Joachim Steinbrück, an abbot Heinrich von Pudagla, probably the ruling abbot Heinrich Wittenburg from 1394 to 1435, had a picture of Mechthild that was revered as a miracle worker removed from the Krummin monastery in order to ward off the superstition associated with it. This incident testifies to reform efforts in the Roman Catholic monasteries in Pomerania even before the Reformation . Around 1440 and 1521 it was noticed that the church was very dilapidated. In 1529 a fire broke out in Krummin, which also caused great damage in the monastery. The monastery then had to take out a loan connected with a memorial foundation.

Dissolution and further use

The dissolution of the monasteries, also on the island of Usedom, was usually preceded by a visitation , which was carried out according to the principles drafted by the Pomeranian reformer Johannes Bugenhagen and laid down in the church ordinance of 1535 under the section The Visitatorn ampt . For many years it remained unclear whether the Pomeranian women's convents were converted into breeding schools and supply institutions for noble ladies or if they should be dissolved. It was much more difficult in Krummin, where the privilege of continuing was not even granted. Little is known about the implementation of the Reformation in Krummin. It was not until 1563 that Duke Johann Friedrich visited the monastery and placed it in the Wolgast district. The holdings on the mainland were transferred to the University of Greifswald . The island ownership with the goods was subordinated to the ducal office of Wolgast . In the files of the Wolgast Archives, inventories of cattle, supplies, equipment and lists of servants and their salaries have been preserved. When the maiden monastery Crummin was registered in 1562 , the income from leases and the Wolgast ferry was precisely recorded. Apparently only a few nuns left the monastery, because in 1563 seven nuns were still living with their prioress Sophie von Köller . Among them were the elderly Anna von Lepel, Katharina von Bützow, Anna vom Rade, Gertrud von Köller, Ilsebe and the young Anna von Lepel, who had apparently still entered the monastery during the Reformation.

After negotiations between the chancellor and court marshal with the prioress, it was achieved that the nuns do not have to move to Verchen as planned because of their old age . With the dissolution of the convent, they received a lifelong right to stay. The enclosure buildings, with the exception of St. Michael's Church, which still exists today, fell into disrepair and were demolished during the Thirty Years' War . Krummin became an estate . The Wolgast office set up a Vorwerk here .

Personalities

The list of personalities of the Krummin Monastery includes people who lived and worked in the monastery and held managerial positions there.

Abbesses

  • 1302–1326 Barbara Countess von Gützkow ,
  • 1323–1336 Jutta, the daughter of Bogislaw IV., Sister of Wartislaw IV.
  • 1386– 0000Abele Warschow,
  • 1400 - 0000Anna Cäcilie Countess von Mansfeld,
  • 1442–1455 Elisabeth, daughter of Barnim VI., Died in 1473 as abbess of the Bergen monastery on Rügen.
  • 1503– 0000Elisabeth,

Prioresses

  • 1390– 0000Katharina von Lepel
  • 1434– 0000Gehse von Lepel
  • 1442–1445 Gisela von Mentzelin
  • 1461–1467 Sophie Steding
  • 1473–1480 Mathilde Burmeister
  • 1481– 0000Brigitte Reiche, lived in 1502 as an old prioress
  • 1502–1505 Gertrud von Köller
  • 1521–1525 Margarete Owstin, lived in 1529 as the old prioress
  • 1529–1563 Sophie Köller,

Sub-priority and sub-priority

  • 1390– 0000Abele Schlatekow
  • 1462–1463 Katharina Paschedag,
  • 1465–1474 Brigitte Reiche,
  • 1480–1481 Sophie von Schwerin,
  • 1502–1504 Margarete Kremer,
  • 1529–1530 Katharina von Schwerin,

Kämmerin Delemestersche

  • 1443–1445 Hille Gnatschow,

Pastors and provosts

  • 1230 - 0000Pastor Gozwin
  • 1302 - 0000Pastor Hartwig
  • 1390 - 0000Provost Paul von der Lancken
  • 1390– 0000Pastor Berthold Bertholdi
  • 1396 - 0000Provost Johann Magni
  • 1434–1445 Provost Michael Voge
  • 1462–1481 Provost Jacob Glammbeck
  • 1496 - 0000Provost Mathias Hane
  • 1502–1504 Provost Peter Dudeske
  • 1519– 0000Pastor Mathias Rover
  • 1521–1523 Provost Albert von Rethen
  • 1529–1530 Provost Joachim von Schwerin
  • 1550– 0000Pastor Anton Rambatz, accepted the Reformation and married
  • 1560– 0000Pastor Simon Bohese
  • 1560– 0000Pastor Petrus Moller
  • 1563 Michael Friderice, under him the monastery was finally abolished

Literature and Sources

literature

Printed sources

Unprinted sources

  • Original documents from the Krummin monastery, 1302–1563. (Krumminer documents)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Schleinert: The history of the island of Usedom. P. 41.
  2. ↑ The founding first mentioned by Daniel Cramer for 1289 by Duke Otto I has already been rejected as unconfirmed by Hoogeweg (p. 437).
  3. ↑ PUB, Volume IV. No. 2211, 2212.
  4. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg: The founders and monasteries of the province of Pomerania. Volume 1, 1924, pp. 436-437.
  5. ↑ PUB Volume IV, No. 2092.
  6. ^ Jens Christian Holst: On the building history of the village church in Krummin on Usedom pp. 18–28. In: 700 years Krummin Monastery.
  7. ^ Brigitte Metz: Churches on Usedom. 2009, p. 60.
  8. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg: The founders and monasteries of the province of Pomerania. Volume 1, 1924, pp. 443-444 and p. 451.
  9. ^ Franziska Siedler: The history of the former Cistercian monastery Krummin p. 6-7. In: 700 years Krummin Monastery.
  10. ↑ a b c Norbert Buske : Two medieval sanctuaries on the island of Usedom. In: Baltic Studies . Volume 61 NF, 1975, ISSN  0067-3099 , pp. 33-43.
  11. ↑ Karla Bilang: The Reformation. 2008, p. 119.
  12. ^ Hermann Hoogeweg: The monasteries and monasteries of the province of Pomerania. Volume 1, 1924, pp. 439-440.
  13. ↑ Harald Reuter: Abbesses / prioresses and clergy at the monastery church St. Michaelis in Krummin Anno Domini post Christum natum. In: Dirk Zache (Ed.): 700 years Krummin Monastery. A search for traces: Cromino 1305–2005. Evangelical Church Community Krummin, Karlshagen 2005, pp. 45–46.
  14. ↑ Joachim Bernhard Steinbrück : History of the monasteries in Pomerania. Stettin 1796, p. 65.
  15. ↑ KU 5, 6.
  16. ^ Pyl: History of the Greifswald churches and monasteries. Greifswald 1885/1886, p. 746.
  17. ^ Dähnert: Pomeranian Library. Volume IV, Greifswald 1755, p. 224.
  18. ↑ KU 15-18.
  19. ^ Dähnert: Pomeranian Library. Volume VI, Greifswald 1755, p. 22.
  20. ↑ KU 8.
  21. ↑ KU 14.
  22. ↑ KU 16, 18, 21.
  23. ↑ KU 24-29.
  24. ↑ KU 34-39.
  25. ↑ KU 40, 45.
  26. ↑ KU 45-47
  27. ↑ KU 55, 56.
  28. ↑ KU 8.
  29. ↑ KU 24-26
  30. ↑ KU 29, 34-36.
  31. ↑ KU 37-40.
  32. ↑ KU 45, 46.
  33. ↑ KU 55, 56.
  34. ↑ KU 18, 21.
  35. ↑ PUB I 2, No. 268.
  36. ↑ PUB VI. No. 2027.
  37. ↑ KU 8.
  38. ↑ KU 8.
  39. ↑ KU 9.
  40. ↑ KU 14, 16, 18, 21.
  41. ↑ KU 24, 40.
  42. ↑ KU 44.
  43. ↑ KU 45.46.
  44. ↑ Hellmuth Heyden: Pomeranian clergy from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. 1965, p. 35.
  45. ↑ KU 50, 52.
  46. ↑ KU 55, 56.
  47. ^ H. Moderow: The Protestant clergy of Pomerania. 1st part, Stettin 1903, p. 612.
  48. ^ H. Moderow: The Protestant clergy of Pomerania. 1st part, Stettin 1903, p. 612.
  49. ↑ Wolgast Archive, Title 76, No. 2, Bl. 63.

Coordinates: 54 ° 2 ′ 51.9 ″  N , 13 ° 50 ′ 49.7 ″  E