Herbaceous evergreen
| Herbaceous evergreen | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herbaceous periwinkle ( Vinca herbacea ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Vinca herbacea | ||||||||||||
| Waldst. & Kit. |
The herbaceous periwinkle or summer green periwinkle ( Vinca herbacea ) is a slightly poisonous plant species from the genus periwinkle ( Vinca ) in the family of the dog poison plants (Apocynaceae). In the German-speaking area it only occurs in Austria.
features
Vegetative characteristics
The herbaceous evergreen is a perennial plant that usually reaches heights of 5 to 10 centimeters. After fruiting in August, the plant moves in and stems and leaves completely die off in winter, i.e. H. contrary to its generic name, the species is deciduous. A bald and grooved stem connects to the axially-based, umbrella-shaped root. The 20 to 80 centimeters long stems lie on the ground or form a flat arch and are simply branched in the upper section. Its tip can take root as a leg shoot in autumn. The opposite leaves sit almost directly or on stems up to 2 millimeters long on the stem . The blades are 2 to 3, in some cases 4 inches long and 0.5 to 1.5 inches wide. The lower leaves have an egg-shaped to elliptical to lanceolate shape, while the upper ones are elongated to linear. All leaves are ciliated very briefly on the edge. The lateral veins of the leaves branch off from the midrib at an angle of 10 to 30 degrees.
Generative characteristics
The flowers arise individually in the axils of the leaves and sit on a 2 to 4, sometimes only 1.5 centimeter long stalk. In the case of the lower flowers this is sometimes longer than the leaves. The calyx is 5 to 7, sometimes only 4 millimeters long and extends approximately to the clear constriction of the 10 to 15 millimeter long crown tube. The calyx lobes are usually 3.5 to 5 millimeters long, linear to narrow-linear, semi-lanceolate and ciliate. The purple-blue to light blue crown is twisted in the bud state, 2 to 3 centimeters long and has a diameter of 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters. The five petals are asymmetrical, the edge of which is spread out. The filaments of the five stamens have a kink and below the tip of the stylus there is a disc-shaped structure called the stigma head. This construction is supposed to prevent the flower from self-pollination ( hercogamy ): long-nosed insects insert their proboscis into the flower to drink nectar at the bottom and have to pass the proboscis through the openings between the stigma ring, the stamens that run past the stigma ring and the surrounding crown. The scar ring secretes a sticky mucus which causes the pollen on the hair at the tip of the stylus to stick when the trunk is pulled out. With the next flowering, the insect brushes off the previously ingested pollen on the stigma ring when it introduces its proboscis and thus pollinates . However, fruits rarely develop. Each of the two carpels forms a 2 to 3 centimeter long follicle fruit which usually contains 1 to 3 approximately 10 millimeter long, brown, cylindrical, bare seeds.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 46.
ecology
In Central Europe, the blooming period of this geophyte to hemicryptophyte extends from April to the beginning of May .
Occurrence
The herbaceous periwinkle is a Palestinian - Hyrcanic - East Sub-Mediterranean - South Anatolian - Caucasian - Pontic - Pannonian floral element and has its main distribution area in Southeast Europe , the Ukraine , in southern Russia , the eastern Mediterranean area, in Palestine , Turkey , northern Iran and northern Iraq . Its preferred habitats are open forests and sunny dry grasslands and open, gravelly slopes, where it is a pioneer plant . It prefers shallow, stony, calcareous soils ( Rendsinen ) in warm locations. In the German-speaking area, it occurs only in Austria, where it reaches its westernmost limit of distribution. The species can occur at an altitude of up to 1,500 meters (in Bulgaria ).
In Austria , summer-evergreen can be found very rarely and exclusively in the Pannonian area in the federal states of Vienna (on the Falkenberg, a foothill of the Bisamberg ), in northern Burgenland (in the Leithagebirge , but here probably extinct) and in Lower Austria (on the Bisamberg near Vienna and in the southern Weinviertel in the Hochleithenwald and in the Matzner Wald; a deposit near Schloss Hof was recently destroyed by the construction of a bypass road) in the planar to colline elevation . In Austria the species is considered endangered.
Taxonomy
The summer-evergreen was first scientifically described by Pál Kitaibel in the work Descriptiones et icones plantarum rariorum Hungariae (Descriptions and pictures of rare plants of Hungary) in 1799.
use
The active ingredient vincamine is or has been used in blood pressure medication.
The herbaceous evergreen is rarely used as an ornamental plant for perennial beds and rock gardens. It has been in culture since 1816 at the latest.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursions flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 712 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Manfred A. Fischer: Vinca herbacea - the periwinkle that is neither evergreen nor always green , in: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer, Rudolf Maier (ed.): Der Bisamberg and the Alte Schanzen, variety on the outskirts of the city of Vienna , St. Pölten 2011
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Arndt Kästner, Manfred A. Fischer: Portraits of selected rare Austrian vascular plant species (IV): (31) to (41) , in: Verein zur Erforschung der Flora Österreichs (Ed.): Neilreichia. Volume 6, 2011, ISSN 1681-5947 .
- ↑ [1] Distribution map at Euro + Med
- ↑ Wolfgang Adler, Alexander Ch. Mrkvicka (Ed.): The flora of Vienna - yesterday and today. The wild fern and flowering plants in the city of Vienna from the middle of the 19th century to the turn of the millennium , Vienna 2003, p. 422, ISBN 978-3900275969
- ^ Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Rothmaler Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Berlin Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 712 .
- Manfred A. Fischer: Vinca herbacea - the evergreen that is neither evergreen nor always green. In: Heinz Wiesbauer, Herbert Zettel, Manfred A. Fischer, Rudolf Maier (eds.): The Bisamberg and the Old Schanzen, diversity on the edge of the city of Vienna. St. Pölten 2011, ISBN 3-901542-34-5 .
- Arndt Kästner, Manfred A. Fischer: Portraits of selected rare Austrian vascular plant species (IV): (31) to (41) , in: Association for research into the flora of Austria (ed.): Neilreichia. Volume 6, 2011, ISSN 1681-5947 .
Web links
- Entry in "Botanik im Bild"
- Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean and Alpine flora. [2]