Kreuzkirche (Zurich-Hottingen)
The Kreuzkirche in Zurich-Hottingen is an Evangelical Reformed church at Dolderstrasse 60 in Zurich's Hottingen district . It is one of the most outstanding church buildings in Switzerland around 1900 and is the counterpart to the Enge Church on the other side of the lake, built in 1894 .
history
Hottingen, which for centuries was characterized by the mansions of the noble city of Zurich, became increasingly an elegant residential area in the 19th century as the city grew. In terms of church, the residents of Hottingen belonged to the Grossmünster until the 19th century . In 1612, at today's Kreuzplatz, a burial place with a small hall church was built , in which from 1706 church services as well as Holy Communion services were allowed on public holidays. The name of the church Zum Kreuz was derived from the boundary stone between the city and the countryside and was taken up again when today's church was built. After the communities of Hottingen, Hirslanden and Riesbach were allowed to break away from the Grossmünster in 1833, the Neumünster Church was built in 1836–1839 through the efforts of Pastor Johann Jakob Füssli and the old Kreuzkirche was demolished in 1839.
Due to the brisk construction activity in Hottingen, the Reformed parish of Neumünster decided to build a representative church in Hottingen after the incorporation in 1893. In 1897 there was an architecture competition in which 28 projects were submitted. Various projects were awarded, including those by Adolf Asper (the builder of the Oerlikon Church ), Emil Rudolf Friolet, Hermann Lüthy, Karl Coelestin Moser (the builder of the Catholic Church of St. Anton in Hottingen and the New Church of Fluntern ) as well as Otto Pflegehard and Max Haefeli.
The Hottingen cruciform church was built between 1902 and 1905 according to the plans of Pflegehard and Haefeli . In 1954 the parish of Hottingen was separated from the Neumünster parish. In the years 1964 to 1965, the exterior of the Kreuzkirche was renovated, the interior followed from 1974 to 1975. In 2004–2005 the outside of the church was renovated again, with the dome also being re-covered.
Building description
Exterior and surroundings
On a terrace on the Zürichberg , not far from the Römerhof , the Kreuzkirche is located in a park-like area between Dolder , Carmen , Rüti and Bergstrasse . Although the Kreuzkirche was built on a higher level and was intended as a counterpart to the Enge Church on the opposite side of the lake, it is now largely hidden from view and therefore little known. The Sigristenhaus is located next to the Kreuzkirche in the park, which was designed by the architects Pflegehard and Haefeli. A monumental, symmetrically constructed flight of stairs leads the visitor from Rütistrasse up to the church, at the corner of Dolderstrasse and Carmenstrasse a path at the Sigristenhaus leads to the rear entrance of the Kreuzkirche. The planting of the park was designed by Evariste Mertens , the fountain at the foot of the outside staircase was created by Pflegehard and Haefeli.
The Kreuzkirche is a central building with a dome drum, a representative main entrance as a column portico , which rests on four Ionic columns in the west, and a three-sided choir closure in the east. According to the name, the church has a cross-shaped floor plan. In the crossing corners there are flat building blocks and gable roofs over the cross arms. Like the main entrance to the church, the open dome drum rests on Ionic columns and is closed off by a copper-covered dome , which is itself crowned by a bell cage with a drum . The self-image of the up-and-coming parish in Hottingen can be clearly seen on the outside of the church; the structural forms of the church are shaped by the transition from historicism to early modernism . Elements of classicism and art nouveau can be found both outside and inside the church. August Bösch created the reliefs for the church.
The five-part bell was made in 1904 by the H. Rüetschi bell foundry . This is driven by a historical (around 1910), purely mechanical bell-ringing machine, which is located in the dome.
| number | Weight | volume |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5100 kg | as 0 |
| 2 | 2536 kg | c 1 |
| 3 | 1479 kg | it 1 |
| 4th | 683 kg | as 1 |
| 5 | 400 kg | c 2 |
inner space
The interior of the Kreuzkirche consists of a light-filled sermon room, the benches on the ground floor and on the three galleries can accommodate 1,400 people. The benches are oriented towards the liturgical area, which is determined by the Lord's Supper table , the pulpit wall and the pulpit . The organ gallery rises behind the pulpit wall, which is closed off by the organ prospect of the organ in the north-eastern cross arm. The thermal bath windows with the tendrils were designed by Georg Röttinger , the window groups with the floral patterns are by Paul Abry. The elegant bas-relief on the pulpit wall shows The Wise Virgins and was carved from Savonnière limestone by August Bösch . The Lord's Supper table made of black Swedish granite and the mustard-yellow carpet with a wreath in yellow and purple wrapped in blue around the table were designed by Pflegehard and Haefeli. The church implements for the Lord's Supper also come from them.
organ
The organ was built in 1905 by the organ building company Goll AG (Lucerne) with 47 registers (approx. 3000 pipes). The instrument had a tubular pneumatic system and was operated by a water motor. In 1926 and 1943 the building company expanded the instrument to 62 and 67 registers, respectively.
In 1974 the organ was extensively rebuilt by the organ builder Walcker & Cie in line with the organ movement . The pneumatics were replaced by electric play and stop actions. Numerous principals and mixtures were built in and the upper work was added as a baroque positive. However, Goll's romantic voices were retained. The slider chests -instrument has 74 registers on four manuals and pedal .
In 1990 the organ was revised by Norbert Stengele, Horgen; In 1997, the same organ builder installed an electronic composer system .
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- Normal coupling
- Playing aids : electronic typesetting system with 192 free combinations
See also
literature
- The Kreuzkirche in Zurich: Built by the architects Pflegehard & Haefeli in Zurich. In: Schweizerische Bauzeitung. 45/46 (1905), p. 91ff. doi : 10.5169 / seals-25388
- Günther Hauff, Marius Winzeler: The Kreuzkirche in Zurich-Hottingen. ( Swiss Art Guide , No. 547). Ed. Society for Swiss Art History GSK. Bern 1994, ISBN 978-3-85782-547-7 .
- Building Construction Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006.
Individual evidence
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, p. 161.
- ↑ Website zh-kirchenspots.ch, section Kreuzkirche ZH-Hottingen, before 1902. Retrieved on July 1, 2016.
- ↑ Illustrations of the designs by Friolet and Lüthy. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, pp. 160–162.
- ↑ Website Zh-Kirchenspots.ch, section Kreuzkirche ZH-Hottingen, renovations. Retrieved July 1, 2016.
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, pp. 160–162.
- ↑ Information on YouTube. Retrieved June 29, 2016.
- ^ Building Department of the City of Zurich: Reformed Churches of the City of Zurich. Special inventory. Zurich 2006, pp. 161–162.
- ↑ Entry “Goll-Walker Organ Kreuzkirche Hottingen” in the Zurich organ directory
- ^ Organ directory Switzerland and Liechtenstein, section Ref. Kreuzkirche Zurich-Hottingen. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
Web links
Coordinates: 47 ° 22 '13.5 " N , 8 ° 33' 42.8" E ; CH1903: six hundred eighty-four thousand eight hundred thirty-nine / 247226