Krusau (river)
| Krusau | ||
 Krusau between the mouth and the copper mill |
||
| Data | ||
| location | Denmark / Germany | |
| River basin district | Schlei / Trave | |
| source | At Padborg 54 ° 49 ′ 2 ″ N , 9 ° 21 ′ 52 ″ E |
|
| muzzle | At Wasserleben in the Flensburg Fjord 54 ° 49 ′ 55 ″ N , 9 ° 25 ′ 13 ″ E |
|
| Mouth height |
0 m
|
|
| length | 7.5 km | |
| Small towns | Padborg, Niehuus , copper mill , water life | |
| Communities | Syddanmark Region , Harrislee | |
| Navigable | No | |
The Krusau ( Danish Kruså ) is a small river in Denmark and Germany , which is in parts identical to the German-Danish border .
Surname
According to legend, the name Krusau goes back to the Latin crux-owe , in German cross-floodplain. The derivation Au, Danish å, is used in place names synonymous with 'brook', 'small river'. In the context of Christianization , Ansgar baptized the pagans who had converted to Christianity here around the middle of the 9th century. An alternative tradition derives the first part of the name from the term Krus, Jutish for jug. It was about a criminal pot with which the water was drawn from the holy spring, which only had to be used once and then smashed.
geography
The river has its source near Padborg in Denmark, flows through the Niehuuser See in the municipality of Harrislee and the Mühlensee ( Danish Møllesøen ) in Kruså . After feeding into a small Danish-German sailing boat harbor, it flows into the Flensburg Fjord at the Schusterkate in Wassersleben . Parts of the river course form the Danish-German border. The bridge at the mouth is an unguarded border crossing between Denmark and Germany and leads to the Gendarmenweg .
Geomorphologically , the Krusau runs in a subglacial channel, which was created in the Vistula Ice Age by erosion of the subsoil by flowing meltwater under the glacier and which formed the Niehuuser tunnel valley .
history
From the 17th century, a water wheel was fed by the Krusau, which supplied the Crusau copper and brass factory in the village of Kupfermühle with energy until 1962 . The water wheel has been preserved and is temporarily put into operation by the local museum association without the energy generated being used.
environment
The Krusau has been part of the "Kupfermühle-Niehuus" conservation area since 1967 . In the years 2004 to 2006, piped watercourses were exposed and a near-natural stream restoration was achieved by destroying the piping. The construction of a fish ladder at the copper mill made it possible for fish to migrate through the river. A fauna passage was created under the road at the border crossing at Kupfermühle.
The aim is to reduce the nutrient input into the Krusau as well as natural river dynamics by dispensing with any maintenance measures. This is intended to promote extensive floodplain development , which is used to spread biotopes such as swamps and reeds . Suitable habitats for the bellyed diaper snail , which is threatened with extinction , are to be developed.
fauna
It is assumed that the otter occurs sporadically or even regularly . There is evidence of the occurrence of the kingfisher , black woodpecker , red killer and common tern from different years since it was placed under protection .
flora
In the vicinity of the Teichweg border crossing, the Krusau flows through large reed areas with interspersed willow bushes and alluvial forest areas . Here it is already largely natural and has in parts flowing vegetation that flows into an adjacent alder - ash forest.
Sights and buildings
In the district of Kupfermühle there are several buildings of the former Crusau copper and brass factory, whose hammer mill was operated by a water wheel on the Krusau, as well as former workers' houses. Around 1800 this was the largest industrial facility in the Duchy of Schleswig and one of the largest in the Kingdom of Denmark, which included Norway from 1380 to 1814 . The history of the factory is documented in the Kupfermühle Industrial Museum. The museum offers a historical tour of the history of the factory and the site, a collection of objects related to copper processing, a workshop in the former turbine house with the two meals , the machines from the 19th and 20th centuries and access to the water wheel as well as an old one Machine hall with the listed 700 HP steam engine from 1933, a model collection of steam engines and the reconstructed hammer mill.
Schusterkate border crossing
At the mouth of the Krusau there is a small wooden bridge, which as the Schusterkate border crossing is one of the smallest border crossings in Europe. It can only be used on foot. An information board reminds of the historical events during the German occupation of Denmark . Rittmeister Hans Mathiesen Lunding observed at the Danish border guarded by the Danish gendarmes how the German military was gathering in front of the border and reported this to Copenhagen without this news being taken seriously. The German Wehrmacht invaded the Schusterkate shortly afterwards on April 9, 1940, resulting in the shooting of three gendarmes by civilian agents of the National Socialists at the Schusterkate . After the occupation, the gendarmes initially continued their border service. In 1944, Danish police officers and border gendarmes were arrested and interned in Aktion Möwe . Of the 337 border gendarmes, 291 came to the camp in Fröslev . A few weeks later 141 of the gendarmes were brought to the Neuengamme concentration camp . 38 of them perished there.
Individual evidence
- ^ Kurt Andresen: Local development and everyday life in the village of Kupfermühle. From the beginning to the present. (= Chronicle Harrislee, Volume 1.) Harrislee Church, 1997, p. 9f
- ^ Krusau - rivers in Schleswig-Holstein . Retrieved August 11, 2019
- ↑ a b c d Management plan for the fauna-flora-habitat area DE 1122-391 "Niehuuser Tunneltal and Krusau with adjacent areas" of the state of Schleswig-Holstein, status: July 25, 2016 . Retrieved August 11, 2019
- ↑ Industrial Museum Kupfermühle . Retrieved August 11, 2019
- ↑ Industrial Museum Kupfermühle: From industrial site to industrial museum . Retrieved August 11, 2019
- ↑ Schusterkate border crossing at Weites Land . Retrieved August 11, 2019
