Spherical ledges

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Spherical ledges
Ball rush (Scirpoides holoschoenus)

Ball rush ( Scirpoides holoschoenus )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Ball rushes ( Scirpoides )
Type : Spherical ledges
Scientific name
Scirpoides holoschoenus
( L. ) Soják

The bulrush or ball bulrush ( Scirpoides holoschoenus ) is a plant of the genus ball rushes ( Scirpoides ) within the family of Cyperaceae (Cyperaceae). It is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa.

description

The ball ledge grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of 30 to 100, rarely up to 250 centimeters. Many stalks are formed from the creeping "rhizome". The gray-green or grass-green, striped, smooth stems are round in cross-section with a diameter of 1 to 4 millimeters.

Inflorescence of the bullet
Habitat
Stem (below) and foliage leaf with forward-facing spines (above)
Spikelets
Wrapper and fruit
fruit

The flowering period is between June and July. The spherical ledge has one or two bracts below the inflorescence, of which the lowest is upright and continues the stem; the inflorescence is therefore apparently lateral. The inflorescence contains one to ten partially sessile, partially stalked, spherical, head-shaped partial inflorescences ; at least one head is sitting. The spikelets are ovate and 2 to 4 millimeters long. The husks are 1.5 to 3 millimeters long, bluntly trimmed to marginalized with a thorn tip and ciliate on the edge. Their color is red to brownish red, with a green central stripe and a white skin edge. Each flower contains three stamens and three stigmas. The fruit is triangular and 0.6 to 1.3 millimeters long.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 164 or 168.

Occurrence

The distribution area of the bullet rush extends from Atlantic Europe and North Africa with a focus in southern Europe to southern Russia , the Caucasus and from the Middle East to Central Asia to India . It is also found in the Canaries, Chad and South Africa. In Germany the spherical cornice occurs only rarely; it was introduced, but partly also naturalized in West Germany , in Saxony-Anhalt and in Brandenburg .

The spherical ledge occurs in Central Europe on the banks of rivers and lakes, on wet pastures or in moors. It thrives on sand or clay soils with varying degrees of moisture . In South Tyrol their occurrences reach altitudes of 1200 meters. In southern Europe it is Kennart of Holoschoenetum from the Association Molinio-Holoschoenion. In Central Europe it also occurs in societies of the Agropyro-Rumicion and Juncion acutiflori associations.

Systematics

The first publication took place under the name ( Basionym ) Scirpus holoschoenus by Carl von Linné . The new combination to Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják was published in 1972 by Jiří Soják . Another important synonym of Scirpoides holoschoenus (L.) Soják is Holoschoenus vulgaris Link . The species was previously placed in the larger genus Simsen ( Scirpus ).

A distinction is made between the following subspecies:

  • Scirpoides holoschoenus subsp. globifera (Lf) Soják : It occurs from the Canary Islands via North Africa to Iran.
  • Scirpoides holoschoenus subsp. holoschoenus : It is widespread from Europe to the Himalayas.
  • Scirpoides holoschoenus subsp. thunbergii (Schrad.) Soják : It only occurs in South Africa.

literature

  • Wolfram Schultze Motel: Scirpus . In: Wolfram Schultze-Motel (Hrsg.): Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume II. Part 1: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 2 (Cyperaceae - Juncaceae) . Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1980, ISBN 3-489-54020-4 , pp. 10–42 (published in 1967–1980).
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Klaus Werner (Ed.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 10th edited edition. tape 4 : Vascular Plants: Critical Volume . Elsevier, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich / Heidelberg 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1496-2 , p. 835-836 .
  • Robert Anthony DeFilipps: Scirpus . In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 277–280 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

Web links

Commons : Ball ledges ( Scirpoides holoschoenus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  160 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Scirpoides holoschoenus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 27, 2016.