Kukiz'15

Kukiz movement
Kukiz'15
abbreviation	Kukiz'15
Party leader	Paweł Kukiz
founding	July 28, 2015
Alignment	Populism Direct Democracy Conservatism
Colours)	black
Sejm	16/460
senate	0/100
Eu Parliament	0/51
Sejmiks	0/552
Website	www.ruchkukiza.pl

Kukiz'15 (also Ruch Kukiza , German  Kukiz movement ) is a political movement founded by Paweł Kukiz in Poland , which first ran in the parliamentary elections on October 25, 2015 . She received 8.8% of these and is the third strongest force in the Sejm after PiS and PO .

In various German-language media reports it was described as a protest or anti-establishment movement in the wake of the election success and described with the adjectives ( right-wing ) populist , EU-critical , conservative or right-wing radical . Kukiz sees himself as “patriotic and critical of the system ”. After the 2015 parliamentary elections, the party moved towards the center and moved away from right-wing extremist and EU-skeptical positions.

history

The movement was founded in the summer of 2015 by the Polish rock musician Paweł Kukiz after he surprisingly achieved third place in the presidential election on May 10, 2015 with 21% of the vote.

He mainly advocated the introduction of a majority vote , which he considers closer to the citizen and more democratic than the proportional representation in Poland . A referendum initiated by then President Bronisław Komorowski took place on September 6, 2015 about its introduction , the result of which was not binding due to the low turnout of 7.8%.

Kukiz is particularly popular among young voters. In the presidential election he received 42% of the vote in the age group between 18 and 29 years.

In the 2015 parliamentary elections in Poland , Kukiz'15 achieved 8.8% of the vote and 42 of the 460 seats in the Sejm with the help of the right-wing extremist Ruch Narodowy party , which helped Kukiz collect support signatures and campaigned . This makes it the third strongest force. Five of their seats are taken by members of Ruch Narodowy, three other MPs are close to this. These announced that they would form a parliamentary group with Kukiz'15.

In March 2016, Kukiz'15's popularity peaked at 12% in surveys, after which it fell back to around 8%. After internal party disputes and a published recording of Kukiz, the Ruch Narodowy recommended its members in April 2016 to leave the Kukiz faction. However, only MP Robert Winnicki responded to this call .

The movement has deliberately not registered as a political party because it is against party democracy. That is why it is the only force in the Sejm that does not benefit from state party funding.

For the European elections in May 2019 , Kukiz'15 entered into an alliance with the small parties Unia Polityki Realnej (UPR) and Prawica Rzeczypospolitej . In the run-up to the election, it agreed to work with the Italian Movimento 5 Stelle (“five-star movement”) and smaller parties from Croatia, Finland and Greece. In the end, Kukiz'15 received only 3.7% of the vote and thus missed the entry into the European Parliament.

In the course of the legislative period, the Kukiz'15 parliamentary group fell apart. Of the original 42 MPs, this only had 16 before the parliamentary elections in October 2019. Kukiz'15 is running for this election as part of the Koalicja Polska (KP; “Polish Coalition”) under the leadership of the PSL peasant party , although Kukiz was still named “ organized criminal force ”.

program

Kukiz'15 advocates a new constitution and the introduction of majority voting. She refuses to accept refugees.

The program for the 2019 European elections provided for equal rights for all EU citizens and decentralization of the EU. The Commission's powers should be curtailed, while parliament and direct citizen participation through consultation processes should be strengthened.

Analysis and reception

This section needs to be revised: So far only reception in German-speaking countries. Reception in Poland and elsewhere is missing.
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Joanna Andrychowicz-Skrzeba and Bastian Sendhardt summarize their analysis as follows: Paweł Kukiz's approach is hardly predictable and has a “hidden, but clearly right-wing nationalist orientation”. In some policy areas, such as foreign policy , inability occasionally becomes apparent. Kukiz did not manage to found a party and put together a program. In addition to former functionaries of PO , PiS and LPR , the electoral lists also include representatives of the Ruch Narodowy party , which unites “various right-wing extremist groups”. According to Hans H. Stein and Borek Severa from the Friedrich Naumann Foundation , the political positioning of the "rather conservative movement" after the election is still "a great unknown."

In the course of the election success, the election committee was mostly only mentioned in passing. Meret Baumann from the Neue Zürcher Zeitung saw Ruch Kukiza as a “protest movement”. Paul Flückiger described the election committee in the press as a “ right-wing populist protest party”, Gabriele Lesser in a comment on the taz as a “right-wing extremist movement”, Henryk Jarczyk from WDR writes that it is an “EU-critical and extremely populist [ s] Election Committee ”. According to the Reuters news agency , the Kukiz movement made a name for itself “as a populist anti-establishment party”. The dpa and the NZZ media group described it as a "conservative movement".

The MPs from Kukiz'15 are not subject to any group discipline when voting in parliament. In a vote, Kukiz MPs appeared in four different positions. Kukiz'15 has a strong presence in “social media” on the internet. Kukiz's Facebook pages are regularly seen by several hundred thousand users. The movement is chosen disproportionately by the 18 to 24 age group.

Politicians from Kukiz'15 and the leader Paweł Kukiz himself attracted attention during the debate about the amendment to the Law on the Institute of National Remembrance (“Holocaust Law”) in 2018 with anti-Semitic and Holocaust relative statements. Kukiz explained: "Making the Poles jointly responsible for the Holocaust is a moral and ethical Holocaust against the Poles." He also made Jews responsible for communist rule in Poland: "the entire leadership of the secret service, the NKVD and the entire judiciary" consisted of Jews. The Kukiz'15 MP Marek Jakubiak spoke out in favor of equating the fates that Poles and Jews had to endure during the Second World War: He said that “the Poles also suffered a Holocaust which is in no way inferior to the Jewish one”. In addition, while Poles helped Jews during the persecution by Nazi Germany, the Jews, conversely, welcomed the Soviet occupation of Poland with joy. He asked "Where were the Jews when 500,000 Poles were murdered in front of their eyes and two million were put on the death trains to Siberia." He then denied the existence of any anti-Semitism in Poland.

Web links

• Meret Baumann: Before Poland's parliamentary election - Why young people vote for radicals. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung , October 14, 2015.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Kornel Morawiecki odchodzi z Kukiz'15. Zwiercan wyrzucona za głosowanie “na dwie ręce”. Retrieved November 14, 2019 (Polish). 
2. ↑ Aleks Szczerbiak: What does Paweł Kukiz's election success mean for Polish politics? In: EuroPP - European Politics and Policy, London School of Economics. May 15, 2015, accessed July 29, 2015 . 
3. ↑ Rock Star's Campaign Burns Out in Boost to Polish Opposition. In: Bloomberg News. July 16, 2015, accessed July 29, 2015 . 
4. ↑ Ruch Narodowy wierny Kukizowi. "Never idziemy do PiS". In: WP Wiadomości , October 30, 2015.
5. ↑ Podpisali contract, stworzą własne koło? Ruch Narodowy w Sejmie dzięki Kukizowi. , TVN24, October 30, 2014.
6. ^ ^{A b c} Jacek Lagoni: Party financing in Poland. Between self-sufficiency and full food. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2019, p. 126.
7. ↑ Po rekomendacji Rady RN z Kukiz'15 odchodzi Winnicki, a czterech posłów zostaje. (No longer available online.) In: rp.pl. April 23, 2016, archived from the original on April 23, 2016 ; Retrieved April 23, 2016 (Polish). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
8. ^ Piotr Kaczyński: The Five Star Movement's attempt to create a European Parliament group. Euractiv.com, February 18, 2019.
9. ↑ Florian Hassel : Shrunken kingmakers. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung , October 11, 2019.
10. ^ Irene Hahn-Fuhr: European election campaign in Poland - test run for the parliamentary elections in autumn. Heinrich Böll Foundation, May 7, 2019.
11. ↑ Joanna Andrychowicz-Skrzeba and Bastian Sendhardt: Before the 2015 parliamentary elections. Poland is reorganizing itself (October 2015), p. 6. On the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung website, accessed on November 10, 2015.
12. ^ Hans H. Stein, Borek Severa focal point - Poland has voted. Forward to the past and a new liberal force.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.   Friedrich Naumann Foundation, October 26, 2015.
13. ↑ Meret Baumann: Parliamentary election in Poland - landslide victory of the national conservatives. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung (online), October 25, 2015.
14. ↑ See Paul Flückiger: Poland: The return of Jarosław Kaczyński. In: diepresse.com, October 27, 2015, accessed on October 29, 2015
15. ^ Gabriele Lesser: Commentary Election in Poland. A fatal sign for the EU. In: taz.de, October 26, 2015, accessed on October 29, 2015
16. ↑ Henryk Jarczyk: Archconservatives back in power In: tagesschau.de, October 26, 2015, accessed on November 10, 2015
17. ↑ Reuters: Election winner PiS in Poland could form a coalition with populists , October 26, 2015.
18. ↑ Poles vote for the change of power in parliamentary elections On: focus.de, October 25, 2015, accessed on November 10, 2015
19. ↑ Polish national conservatives gain absolute majority In: FM1Today.ch, October 27, 2015, accessed on November 10, 2015
20. ^ Reinhold Vetter : Nationalism in Eastern Europe. What connects Kaczynski and Orban with Le Pen and Wilders. Ch.links Verlag, Berlin 2017, p. 60.
21. ^ Rafał Pankowski: The renaissance of the anti-Semitic discourse in Poland. In: Christian Heilbronn ao: New anti-Semitism? Continuation of a global debate. Suhrkamp Verlag, 2019, pp. 310-340, on pp. 318-320.