Copper (I) sulfide

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Crystal structure
Crystal structure of copper (I) sulfide
__ Cu +      __ S 2−
General
Surname Copper (I) sulfide
other names

Chalcosine (mineral)

Ratio formula Cu 2 S
Brief description

odorless, blue-gray to black, shiny powder 

External identifiers / databases
CAS number 22205-45-4
EC number 244-842-9
ECHA InfoCard 100.040.751
PubChem 10130093
Wikidata Q425127
properties
Molar mass 159.16 g mol −1
Physical state

firmly

density

5.6 g cm −3 

Melting point

1100 ° C 

solubility

almost insoluble in water 

safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances
no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases H: no H-phrases
P: no P-phrases
MAK

0.1 mg m −3 

As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Copper (I) sulfide is a chemical compound made from copper and sulfur .

Occurrence

Copper (I) sulfide occurs naturally in the form of the monoclinically crystallizing mineral chalcosine (also copper luster ) and the tetragonally crystallizing mineral wuyanzhiite ( IMA 2017-081 ).

Extraction and presentation

Copper (I) sulfide can be extracted from the elements copper and sulfur at elevated temperatures in a vacuum .

properties

Copper (I) sulfide is a blue to blue-gray solid that is practically insoluble in water. It is very sparingly soluble in hydrochloric acid.

The compound Cu 2 S is trimorphic . The α-form chalcosine (also deep chalcosine ), which is present at temperatures up to 103 ° C, has a monoclinic symmetry with the space group P 2 1 / c (space group no. 14) and the lattice parameters a  = 15.25 Å, b  = 11 , 88 Å, c  = 13.49 Å and β = 116.3 ° with 48 formula units per unit cell . In addition, the β-form is present as high-chalcosine with hexagonal symmetry in the space group P 6 3 / mmc (No. 194) and the lattice parameters a  = 3.95 Å and c  = 6.75 Å as well as two formula units per unit cell. A third modification occurs in tetragonal symmetry and was already described by Clark and Sillitoe in 1971 as a tetragonal chalcosine , albeit with a copper deficit and the formula Cu 1.96 S. Since December 2017, tetragonally crystallizing Cu 2 S has been recognized as a mineral under the name Wuyanzhiite. Template: room group / 14 Template: room group / 194

The enthalpy of formation of copper (I) sulfide is −79.5 kJ / mol.

use

Copper (I) sulfide is used as a dye for paints (blackening together with copper (I) oxide) and for the production of nanocrystalline layers .

Individual evidence

  1. a b c d e entry to copper (I) sulphide in the GESTIS database of IFA , retrieved on Feb. 11, 2018(JavaScript required) .
  2. Data sheet Copper (I) sulfide from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 11, 2018 ( PDF ).
  3. a b U. Hålenius, F. Hatert, M. Pasero, SJ Mills: IMA commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC). Newsletter 40: New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2017 . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 81 , no. 6 , December 2017, p. 1577–1581 ( main.jp [PDF; 82 kB ; accessed on February 11, 2018]).
  4. a b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 981.
  5. ^ Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  62 .