Copper (I) sulfide
Crystal structure | ||||||||||||||||
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__ Cu + __ S 2− | ||||||||||||||||
General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | Copper (I) sulfide | |||||||||||||||
other names |
Chalcosine (mineral) |
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Ratio formula | Cu 2 S | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
odorless, blue-gray to black, shiny powder |
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External identifiers / databases | ||||||||||||||||
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 159.16 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
firmly |
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density |
5.6 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
1100 ° C |
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solubility |
almost insoluble in water |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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MAK |
0.1 mg m −3 |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Copper (I) sulfide is a chemical compound made from copper and sulfur .
Occurrence
Copper (I) sulfide occurs naturally in the form of the monoclinically crystallizing mineral chalcosine (also copper luster ) and the tetragonally crystallizing mineral wuyanzhiite ( IMA 2017-081 ).
Extraction and presentation
Copper (I) sulfide can be extracted from the elements copper and sulfur at elevated temperatures in a vacuum .
properties
Copper (I) sulfide is a blue to blue-gray solid that is practically insoluble in water. It is very sparingly soluble in hydrochloric acid.
The compound Cu 2 S is trimorphic . The α-form chalcosine (also deep chalcosine ), which is present at temperatures up to 103 ° C, has a monoclinic symmetry with the space group P 2 1 / c (space group no. 14) and the lattice parameters a = 15.25 Å, b = 11 , 88 Å, c = 13.49 Å and β = 116.3 ° with 48 formula units per unit cell . In addition, the β-form is present as high-chalcosine with hexagonal symmetry in the space group P 6 3 / mmc (No. 194) and the lattice parameters a = 3.95 Å and c = 6.75 Å as well as two formula units per unit cell. A third modification occurs in tetragonal symmetry and was already described by Clark and Sillitoe in 1971 as a tetragonal chalcosine , albeit with a copper deficit and the formula Cu 1.96 S. Since December 2017, tetragonally crystallizing Cu 2 S has been recognized as a mineral under the name Wuyanzhiite.
The enthalpy of formation of copper (I) sulfide is −79.5 kJ / mol.
use
Copper (I) sulfide is used as a dye for paints (blackening together with copper (I) oxide) and for the production of nanocrystalline layers .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e entry to copper (I) sulphide in the GESTIS database of IFA , retrieved on Feb. 11, 2018(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ Data sheet Copper (I) sulfide from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 11, 2018 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b U. Hålenius, F. Hatert, M. Pasero, SJ Mills: IMA commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC). Newsletter 40: New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2017 . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 81 , no. 6 , December 2017, p. 1577–1581 ( main.jp [PDF; 82 kB ; accessed on February 11, 2018]).
- ↑ a b Georg Brauer (Ed.), With the collaboration of Marianne Baudler u a .: Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry. 3rd, revised edition. Volume II, Ferdinand Enke, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-87813-3 , p. 981.
- ^ Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 62 .