Brachychiton popular
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| ( Schott & Endl. ) R.Br. |
Brachychiton populneus (German: poplar-leaved brachychiton or Kurrajong bottle tree ) is a species of plant from the genus Brachychiton in the subfamily sterkulia or stink tree plants within the subfamily of the mallow plants (Malvaceae). It iswidespreadin eastern Australia and iscalled Kurrajong there. As a street or ornamental tree, it is also planted outside of Australia.
description
Brachychiton populneus is an often evergreen , drought-resistant tree with a relatively short trunk and a leafy, sometimes widely spreading crown that can grow up to 20 meters high. Some specimens shed part of their foliage in early summer (semi-evergreen). The bark is grayish to brownish and slightly furrowed to flaky or slightly cracked to scaly. The tree has a gum like tragacanth .
The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalk and blade are usually each 5 to 10 centimeters long. The simple, bare and ganzrandige leaf blade is highly variable and usually eilanzettlich to ovate and pointed (the former especially on younger plants, more ovate in older trees and leaves of poplar - Populus reminiscent - and therefore also the epithet populneus ). The blade is sometimes rounded to pointed, three- to five-lobed, lobed to cut (with often narrow lobes), the blade is then often spear-shaped. There may be joints ( pulvini ) at the top of the petiole .
The lateral or terminal, drooping and bald paniculate inflorescence contains some flowers. Brachychiton populneus is monoecious mixed sex ( monoecious ). The length of the flower stalk is 2 to 10 millimeters, it is divided by a "joint". The conspicuous, bell-shaped flowers with a simple flower cover are unisexual , the petals are missing. The outside slightly hairy, petaloid and cup-shaped calyx , with five to six turned back lobes, is 10 to 20 millimeters long and outside greenish or creamy white to slightly reddish and inside reddish speckled or striped. The stamens and the anthers of the stamens are fused to form a synandrium. The carpels are hairy downy. The approximated stamps with a stamp foot are on top, the individual styluses combine at the top to form a lobed scar . The female flowers have staminodes and the male pestillods.
The fruit stalk is 2 to 5 inches long. The 2 to 7 centimeters long, pointed and thick-skinned follicles are boat-shaped, brown, woody, glabrous and hairy inside, they contain 3 to 18 seeds. They appear singly or in a group of follicles on the flowers.
The yellow, wrinkled seeds are egg-shaped with a diameter of 3 to 4 millimeters. They lie with the lower part in an outer, brownish, loose, thin, papery and brittle shell (Exo testa ) which is covered with stiff, bristly and long star hairs ( trichomes ). The star hair can cause skin or eye irritation.
The flowering time in the Australian homeland extends from October to March, the seed maturity is reached 3 to 6 months later.
The chromosome number for both subspecies is 2n = 40.
Male flower
Female flowers
Opened follicles
Seeds and hairy shell
bark
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Systematics
It was first described in 1832 under the name ( Basionym ) Poecilodermis populnea by Heinrich Wilhelm Schott & Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher in Meletemata Botanica , p. 33. The new combination to Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. was published in 1844 by Robert Brown in Pterocymbium, with observations on Sterculieae, the tribe to which it belongs in JJ Bennett, R. Brown and T. Horsfield: Plantae Javanicae Rariores , part 3, p. 234. Another synonym for Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. is Sterculia diversifolia G.Don .
In Brachychiton populneus , two subspecies are distinguished:
- Brachychiton populneus (Schott & Endl.) R.Br. subsp. popular : the leaves have entire margins or are only slightly lobed, the follicles 4 to 7 centimeters long on 2 to 3.5 centimeters long stems with usually 8 to 18 seeds.
- Brachychiton populneus subsp. trilobus Guymer : The leaves are deeply three-lobed, sometimes also five-lobed; the follicles are 2 to 4 centimeters long with 2 to 5 centimeters long stems, they usually contain 3 to 8 seeds.
Occurrence
The distribution area of Brachychiton populneus is in eastern Australia. Brachychiton populneus subsp. populneus occurs from eastern Victoria , along the coast, on higher plains and slopes across New South Wales to southeastern Queensland . The occurrence of the Brachychiton populneus subsp. trilobus are more inland and a little further north, they range from New South Wales and Queensland to Ravenshoe in North Queensland.
Brachychiton populneus thrives on a wide range of particularly well-drained soils , but also on rocky outcrops made of limestone or granite .
use
Brachychiton populneus is often planted to provide shade in urban areas in Australia. As an ornamental or street tree, the species is also planted outside of Australia in subtropical regions. Hybrids of Brachychiton populneus , which have pink or red flowers, are also cultivated.
The leaves can also be used as animal feed in dry periods. Ropes and nets can be woven from fibers of the trunk.
The seeds were traditionally used as food by the Aborigines . Seeds can be used as a coffee substitute or added to bread. The thickened taproot can be eaten as a vegetable.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Brachychiton populneus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e Factsheet florabank.org , with distribution map ( Memento from March 6, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ A b c d e f GJ Harden: New South Wales Flora Online
- ↑ Brachychiton populneus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Australian Plant Name Index = APNI.
- ↑ Brachychiton populneus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed June 19, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Growing Native Plants - Information from the Australian National Botanic Gardens and Center for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Canberra
literature
- Peter Schönfelder , Ingrid Schönfelder: The Kosmos-Canary Islands flora . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-440-06037-3 , p. 298.
- Morris Lake: Australian Forest Woods. CSIRO, 2019, ISBN 978-1-4863-0778-4 , p. 52.
Web links
- Entry Flora of Pakistan . (engl.)
- New South Wales Flora Online (Sections Description, Classification and Distribution)