Short-leaf gentian

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Short-leaf gentian
Short-leaf gentian (Gentiana brachyphylla) in front of the Breithorn (Switzerland)

Short-leaf gentian ( Gentiana brachyphylla ) in front of the Breithorn (Switzerland)

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Gentian Family (Gentianaceae)
Genre : Gentians ( Gentiana )
Type : Short-leaf gentian
Scientific name
Gentiana brachyphylla
Vill.

The short leaf Gentian ( Gentiana brachyphylla ), also Kurzblättriger gentian written is a plant from the genus of gentians ( Gentiana ).

description

Illustration of Gentiana brachyphylla subsp. brachyphylla in Atlas of the Alpine Flora
Habit and flowers in the habitat

Vegetative characteristics

The short-leaf gentian grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 3 to 6, rarely up to 15 centimeters. The short-leaf gentian has leaves that are basal and opposite on the stem , with the basal leaves being barely larger than the stem leaves. The simple, light-bluish-green leaf blades of the basal leaves are rhombic-elliptical, broadest in the middle with a blunt to pointed upper end and papillary leaf margin only recognizable with a magnifying glass .

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to August. The flowers are usually 2 to 10 (to 15) millimeters above the top pair of stem leaves.

The 2 to 15 millimeters large, hermaphrodite flower is five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused into a calyx tube with a diameter of usually about 3 (2.5 to 4) millimeters and the calyx is winged at its edges 0 to 0.3 millimeters wide. The five light to medium blue petals are fused with tubes. The five underside (mostly on one side) somewhat greenish corolla lobes are about twice as long as they are wide.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Possibility of confusion

The short-leaf gentian is closely related to the round-leaved gentian ( Gentiana orbicularis ), but has flowers with calyxes that are almost not winged at the edges, as well as slimmer corolla tubes and narrower corolla lobes.

Occurrence

The short-leaf gentian occurs in the Alps , the Pyrenees and the Sierra Nevada . The short-leaf gentian is moderately common in Austria , but only occurs in the federal states of Vorarlberg , Tyrol , Salzburg , Carinthia and Styria . These occurrences are almost exclusively limited to the central Alps .

In contrast to the round-leaved gentian, the short-leaf gentian prefers soils over silicate rock , which may, however, also have a certain lime content. The short-leaf gentian thrives in subalpine to subnival altitudes at altitudes of 1800 to 4200 meters and is therefore the highest occurring gentian species in the Alps. It is a character species of the Elynetum from the Elynion association and also occurs in societies of the association Caricion curvulae.

Illustration of Gentiana brachyphylla subsp. favratii in Atlas de la flora alpine

Systematics

The first publication of Gentiana brachyphylla was in 1779 by Dominique Villars . Synonyms for Gentiana brachyphylla Vill. are: Calathiana brachyphylla (Vill.) Holub , Gentiana sierrae Briq. , Gentiana verna subsp. brachyphylla (Vill.) P. Fourn.

Of Gentiana brachyphylla there are two subspecies:

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Thomas Gaskell Tutin : Gentiana. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 62 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  • Datasheet at Botanik im Bild / Flora von Österreich , 2007.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  756 .
  2. ↑ a b c Karol Marhold: Gentianaceae. : Datasheet Gentiana brachyphylla - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.

Web links

Commons : Kurzblatt-Enzian ( Gentiana brachyphylla )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files