Lahmann Sanatorium

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The Lahmann Sanatorium was a health resort in today's Dresden district of Weißer Hirsch . It was founded by the doctor and naturopath Heinrich Lahmann and carried his name. Even if it was no longer used as a sanatorium from 1939 and was no longer accessible from 1945, the name was retained in linguistic usage. The 36,000 square meter site is located on the southern edge of the Dresdner Heide and is bordered by Bautzner Landstrasse in the south and Stechgrundstrasse in the east. Since 2011, the listed (and still worthy of preservation) buildings have been renovated and new residential buildings have been erected on the area that is now known as Dr.-Lahmann-Park .

prehistory

The Dresden suburb of Weißer Hirsch was increasingly sought after as a destination for excursions from the end of the 19th century and later increasingly as a permanent residence for the entire summer. In 1867, Theodor Lehnert built a luxurious bath for sick people in the north-west of the Weißer Hirsch corridor at the edge of the forest, which he named "Fridabad" after his daughter Frida. On the one hand, this laid the foundation for the development of the place into a health resort and, on the other hand, promoted other bathing facilities. So the soap manufacturer Ludwig Küntzelmann built a spa in the old estate in 1874. At Küntzelmann's request to the Ministry of the Interior, the White Deer was given the addition of "climatic spa" in 1875 and was included in the statistics of the Saxon baths. The "Fridabad" itself went bankrupt in 1883 after initial success.

The doctor Heinrich Lahmann leased the bankrupt Fridabad on October 16, 1887 and opened it on January 1, 1888 as “Dr. Lahmanns physiatric sanatorium ”with around ten employees. In September 1888 he finally bought the previously only leased property from the owner.

History up to the First World War

The Heinrichshof , part of the sanatorium, around 1901

In the first year already, 385 patients entrusted themselves to the medical arts of Lahmann, who based his treatments on what was then new, modern natural healing methods and did research in this field himself.

In addition to nutrition, Lahmann's cure concept was based on water applications, the so-called “air baths”, exercise in the great outdoors and sport, i. H. Principles of Resilience . Some patients were housed in “air huts”, and he also prescribed outdoor cures. Every morning the patients met lightly dressed for gymnastics . There were also fango packs, inhalations and treatments with UV light as well as electrotherapy treatments.

Lahmann called this treatment concept "physiatry" and it is still largely part of the common property of rehabilitation medicine .

In order to accommodate the guests, Lahmann had to rent three villas in the first year. The concept of decentralized accommodation proved itself for year-round operation, so that Lahmann bought or had ten villas built by his death in 1905 (among them the villa “Heinrichshof” as the family residence in 1897), and two by the First World War more should follow. After Lahmann's death, the family continued to run the house. A chief physician was hired for the first time in 1907: Ernst von Düring , followed by Heinrich Kraft in 1911.

Within a few years, Lahmann's sanatorium achieved world fame, which was demonstrated by the increasing number of guests: in 1893 there were over 1,000 patients, in 1897 over 2,000, in 1901 over 3,000, in the year Lahmann's death in 1905 3976 patients and finally in 1913 the highest occupancy rate with 7,416.

There were also many prominent personalities among them. This included Maximilian Oskar Bircher-Benner , who was studying in 1897 before he opened his own sanatorium in Zurich , where he was particularly interested in Lahmann's vegetarian diet. In 1901 and 1905 the writer Rainer Maria Rilke stayed in the sanatorium, in 1903 Franz Kafka and 1906 Thomas Mann , but also the Grand Admiral Heinrich Prince of Prussia and the governor of Cameroon, Jesko von Puttkamer .

The number of beds was continuously increased (to 400 sanatorium beds) and about a third of the patients were foreigners, among others. a. from Austria-Hungary , Russia , France , Norway and Switzerland , but also from the USA , Persia , Sumatra , New Guinea , China , India and Japan .

This also resulted in an expanded construction activity on the grounds of the sanatorium itself. In addition to sun baths and open living and sleeping rooms (so-called "air huts"), a boiler house extension was built in 1889, the kitchens were expanded in 1891/94 and the "Dresden House" with dining rooms for vegetarian diet established. The ladies 'massage building followed in 1893/1896, the social and dining room building was expanded in 1893/1899, the men's pool was built in 1904/05, and the ladies' pool was rebuilt in 1906. From 1907 to 1909 the main and administration building was converted, in 1912 the men's gymnasium and in 1913/14 a district heating plant with extensions in addition to the women's gymnasium.

This early heyday was interrupted by the First World War. As early as August 1914, 800 of the 850 spa guests who were present left, and from August 12, 1914, people from hostile countries were not allowed to stay in Germany. The almost empty sanatorium became a hospital and was occupied with around 150 wounded until 1918.

The sanatorium until the end of the Second World War

Lettering on coat hanger - Dr. Heinrich Lahmann's Sanatorium - Weisser Hirsch 1929

Although the management tried to build on the successes by resuming operations in 1919, the high number of guests from before 1914 could not be achieved again and leveled off at around 3,000 patients per year until the Second World War . The number of beds was also reduced to 256 in 1936. According to conservative estimates, around 160,000 patients were treated during the period as a sanatorium. The company was transformed into a “Dr. Lahmanns Sanatorium Weisser Hirsch Aktiengesellschaft ”, but remained in family ownership.

Two more guest villas were also acquired in the 1920s (Villa Peira, Villa Katharinenhof), in 1922 the reception hall was rebuilt, in 1924 the kitchen and a storage building were built again, and in 1924/25 the lounge and dining room building was expanded again.

The sanatorium remained one of the most modern of its kind and was visited by many celebrities in the 1920s and 1930s, including the high nobility (including Viktoria Luise von Prussia , Ernst August von Braunschweig and the later Queen of Greece Friederike von Hannover ), politics (e B. Albert Neuhaus ), business ( Heinrich Büssing , Hugo Junkers ), art (including the composers Paul Lincke , Jean Gilbert and Victor Hollaender , the singers Zarah Leander and Claire Waldoff ) and culture. Well-known actors as spa guests during these years were Gustaf Gründgens , Otto Fee , Heinrich George , Heinz Rühmann , Paul Kemp and Johannes Heesters . Nazi functionaries such as Joseph Goebbels , Hermann Göring and Reichsfeldmarschall Werner von Blomberg were among them. The actor's wife Willy Fritsch gave birth to their second son Thomas in the sanatorium . The publicist Kurt Tucholsky was one of them.

In 1918 the chief physician Kraft had left the sanatorium. From 1919 to 1924 Johannes Heinrich Schultz , who developed autogenic training , was chief physician and scientific director of the sanatorium, followed by Louis Ratcliffe Grote from 1924 to 1929 . In 1929, Hans Oeller took over the position of chief physician, and from 1930 the youngest son of the founder of the sanatorium, Fritz Lahmann (1894–1934), also belonged to his medical team. From 1932 until the end of the war, Alfred Störmer took over this role from Oeller. It was interrupted by Störmer's conscription to the Wehrmacht in 1939/40 and his work as a senior staff doctor in Elbing . During these months Otto Rostoski took over the position of chief physician.

In 1939 the German Wehrmacht entered. During the Second World War the sanatorium served as a reserve hospital.

Building on Bautzner Landstrasse (status 2011)
Building on Stechgrundstraße (status 2011)
Villa Heinrichshof - home of the Lahmann family
Lahmann Sanatorium; Dr. Lahmann Park

After 1945

The sanatorium, spared from the effects of the war, was renamed “Stadtkrankenhaus Weißer Hirsch” on August 16, 1945, with 116 employees at that time, and organizationally affiliated with the Johannstadt hospital . Hans Egon Josef Seidel now acted as chief physician. The spacious buildings served as refugee accommodation.

In 1946 the Lahmann family was expropriated without compensation on the orders of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SMAD) . The current hospital was used as a military hospital for the Soviet Army under Soviet administration until 1992 . In the early years you still worked with the Lahmann staff. During these years the sanatorium's furnishings were almost irretrievably destroyed and, after the military hospital moved out, it was left in a completely shabby, partly ruin-like condition. All attempts by the previous owners to return them to them failed.

The attempt to use it by the Munich Collegium Augustinum , which had bought the area from the Landesbank Sachsen in 1996 , came to nothing.

Refurbishment from 2011

At the beginning of 2011 it was sold to Baywobau , which has been renovating it since 2013 and a. provides luxury condominiums.

In an architectural review in June 2017 , Falk Jaeger published an interim status of the project:

  • Heinrichshof: Apartments of high standards (Architects: Strangmann & Schneider),
  • Herrenbad from 1905: division of the large arched windows by a false ceiling, upscale living, subsequent extension of balconies (around architects),
  • Ladies bathroom from 1907: division into eight "terraced houses" with winter garden and roof terrace (architects: Hoyer & Ille),
  • Compensation for the increased expenditure on monument preservation through three four-story town houses in the rear area of ​​the area (architects: Böttcher & Zimmermann) and 14 single-family houses on the edge of the Dresdner Heide (architects: Wörner & Partner),
  • Society house: under renovation, no further details (approx. Architects),
  • Administration building: doctor's offices and apartments (no details of the architectural office),
  • Central dining room from 1898: No adequate use has yet been found, the latest status is the installation of apartments, which is problematic in terms of monument preservation, in order to be able to retain the wooden coffered ceiling.
  • Central underground car park has been completed.

Baywobau is looking for further investors for other parts of the area, especially along Bautzner Landstrasse.

Due to an impending collapse of the street-side facade of the dining and ballroom, Bautzner Landstrasse was closed for over two days in February 2019. Over 100 emergency services from THW , DRK and fire brigade were on duty to secure the building.

literature

  • Jürgen Helfricht : Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, ISBN 3-00-006709-4 , pp. 273-313.
  • Marina Lienert: On the 100th anniversary of Heinrich Lahmann's death. In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen , Edition 7/2005, pp. 379–382. ( online as PDF; 215 kB)
  • Horst Milde: The White Deer. Rise and Fall of a Resort. Elbhang-Kurier-Verlag, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-936240-06-X .

Web links

Commons : Lahmann-Sanatorium  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 281.
  2. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 282 f.
  3. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, pp. 288–292.
  4. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 303.
  5. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 298.
  6. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, pp. 294, 301 f.
  7. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 298 f.
  8. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 284 f.
  9. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 299.
  10. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 299.
  11. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 284 f.
  12. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 301 f.
  13. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 303.
  14. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 304.
  15. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, pp. 304, 309.
  16. ↑ Helfricht: Biography of the famous Dresden naturopath Dr. med. Heinrich Lahmann (1860-1905) . In: Lahmann's Dresden cookbook. Edition Krickau, Dresden 2001, p. 310.
  17. ↑ Overview on the Baywobau website . Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  18. ↑ Falk Jaeger: Bedroom in the Herrenbad - The legendary Dresden Lahmann Sanatorium is being converted into a residential park. Can it work? An architectural criticism. In: Sächsische Zeitung, June 20, 2017, p. 7. Also online , accessed on April 13, 2020.
  19. ↑ B6 in Dresden free online again , accessed on February 4, 2019.

Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ′ 51.9 ″  N , 13 ° 49 ′ 11 ″  E