Gloss fish-like
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| Goodrich , 1909 |
The glossy fish-like (Lampriformes, Syn .: Lampridiformes, Allotriognathi) are pelagic bony fish ( Teleostei ) , often bizarre in appearance , which often live at great depths in all oceans .
features
They have a domed, strongly ossified skull and a uniquely protruding (protractile) jaw with weak teeth that are missing in adult animals. Unlike other fish groups with protractile jaws, the maxillary is not protractile and connected to the ethmoid and palatine bone by a ligament , but the ligament is completely absent and the premaxillary (the intermaxillary bone ) slips in and out. The mesethmoid, a skull bone, lies behind the lateral ethmoid. The fins of the glossy fish have only soft rays. The pelvic fins stand very far in front of the chest and are supported by 0 to 17 fin rays. The first fin carrier (pterygiophore) of the dorsal fin is located in front of the first neural spine of the vertebrae. The swim bladder , if present, is closed, i.e. the embryonic connection between the intestine and the swim bladder (ductus pneumaticus) is no longer present when fully grown (Physoclisten).
A member of the glossy fish species, the strapfish Regalecus glesne , is the longest bony fish in the world with a maximum length of eight meters.
External system
As a sister group of the Paracanthopterygii, the glossy fish belong to the basal branch of the Acanthomorphata . The following cladogram shows their likely systematic position:
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Internal system
The glossy fish-like are morphologically very heterogeneous. Of the seven families, two, the god salmon (Lampridae) and the sail-bearer (Veliferidae), have tall bodies, symmetrical caudal fins, and well-developed skeletons and muscles. They were formerly grouped together as Bathysomi, but probably do not form a monophylum , but stand, each for itself, basal to the ribbon-shaped glossy fish-like. The remaining five families are band-shaped or belt-shaped due to the multiplication and stretching of vertebrae. Skeleton, muscles and statoliths ("ear stones") are reduced, except for the dorsal fin, the fins as well. These glossy fish-like most likely form a monophyletic group (Taeniosomi). The thread carriers (Stylephoridae), which were formerly placed in the glossy fish-like, are more closely related to the cod-like (Gadiformes) and are in the most recent revision of the bony fish system in a separate order (Stylephoriformes).
There are only eleven genera and about 22 species in total.
- Sail carrier (Veliferidae)
- God salmon (Lampridae)
- Taeniosomi
- Crested fish (Lophotidae)
- Radiation heads (Radiicephalidae)
- Scythefish (Trachipteridae)
- Beltfish (Regalecidae)
Tribal history
Fossil traditional lampriformes are Danatinia and Turkmene (family Turkmenidae †) from the upper Paleocene , Bajaichthys (family Bajaichthyidae †) Palaeocentrotus (family Palaeocentrotidae †) and Veronavelifer from the Eozän and Natgeosocus (also Palaeocentrotidae) and Analectis from the lower Oligozän . Protolophotus from the lower Oligocene of Iran can already be assigned to the family Lophotidae.
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Kurt Fiedler: Textbook of Special Zoology, Volume II, Part 2: Fish . Gustav Fischer Verlag Jena, 1991, ISBN 3-334-00339-6 .
- BB Collette: Order Lampridiformes , in The living marine resources of the Western Central Atlantic . FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes and American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists Special Publication No. 5. Rome, FAO. 2002. pp. 601-1374. Full text online
- EO Wiley & GD Johnson (2010): A teleost classification based on monophyletic groups. In: JS Nelson, H.-P. Schultze & MVH Wilson: Origin and Phylogenetic Interrelationships of Teleosts, 2010, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, ISBN 978-3-89937-107-9 .
Web links
- Lampriformes on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Craig R. McClain, Meghan A. Balk, Mark C. Benfield, Trevor A. Branch, Catherine Chen, James Cosgrove, Alistair DM Dove, Lindsay C. Gaskins, Rebecca R. Helm, Frederick G. Hochberg, Frank B. Lee , Andrea Marshall, Steven E. McMurray, Caroline Schanche, Shane N. Stone, Andrew D. Thaler. Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna. PeerJ , 2015; 2: e715 DOI: 10.7717 / peerj.715
- ↑ M. Miya, NI Holcroft, TP Satoh, M. Yamaguchi, M. Nishida & EO Wiley: Mitochondrial genome and a nuclear gene indicate a novel phylogenetic position of deep-sea tube-eye fish (Stylephoridae). Ichthyological Research, Verlag Springer Japan, Volume 54, Number 4 / November 2007, ISSN 1341-8998 doi : 10.1007 / s10228-007-0408-0
- ↑ R. Betancur-R., E. Wiley, N. Bailly, A. Acero, M. Miya, G. Lecointre, G. Ortí: Phylogenetic Classification of Bony Fishes - Version 4 (2016)
- ↑ a b A. F. Bannikov. 2014. A New Genus of the Family Palaeocentrotidae (Teleostei, Lampridiformes) from the Oligocene of the northern Caucasus and comments on other fossil Veliferoidei. Paleontological Journal. 48 (6); 624-632. DOI: 10.1134 / S0031030114060021
- ↑ Peculiar Extinct Fish With Spines Named for National Geographic on nationalgeographic.com , accessed December 23, 2014.
- ^ Karl Albert Frickhinger: Fossil Atlas Fish , Mergus-Verlag, Melle, 1999, ISBN 3-88244-018-X