Dahurian larch
| Dahurian larch | ||||||||||||
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Dahurian larches in the Kolyma region |
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| Larix gmelinii | ||||||||||||
| ( Rupr. ) Kuzen. |
The Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii ) is a species of larch ( Larix ) within the pine family (Pinaceae).
description
The Dahurian larch is a deciduous tree with a conical to narrow columnar growth, reaching heights of up to 35 meters and a trunk diameter ( breast height diameter ) of 1.5 meters. The bark on young trees is smooth and red-brown; it later becomes darker, grayer and scaly. The bark of young twigs about 1 mm thick is yellow-brown and later turns gray-brown. The light green needle-shaped leaves turn yellow in autumn. They are arranged in a spiral on long shoots and 20 to 30 needles are bundled together on short shoots . The needles have a length of 15 to 30 mm and a width of 0.5 to 1 mm.
The Dahurian larch is single-sexed (monoecious). The male cones stand on short shoots, are 5 to 7 mm long and yellow. The female cones stand upright on short shoots through a curved stem. The cones have a length of 0.8 to 4 cm and a diameter of 0.8 to 3 cm. They are initially purple, but when ripe they turn brown; old cones remain on the tree until the branches fall off. Each cone has 14 to 45 pentagonal to egg-shaped seed scales, in the central area of the cone 0.5 to 1.5 × 0.4 to 1.2 cm in size. The cover scales have a third to half the length of the seed scales. The seeds are gray with light brown spots, 2 to 3 × 1 to 2 mm in size - 10 mm with the bright orange-brown wing. Pollination takes place in May to June and seeds ripen in September.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
The home of the Dahurian larch is East Asia . It is seldom planted as a park tree.
The Dahurian larch is the most viable tree in the north (72 ° 30 'N, 102 ° 27' E). Under these extreme climatic conditions, however, it only grows into a huddled shrub. Besides the East Asian dwarf pine ( Pinus pumila ), it is one of the hardest trees because it can withstand temperatures of −70 ° C without damage.
Systematics
It was first described in 1854 by Franz Josef Ruprecht . The Dahurian larch bears its scientific name after the Siberian researcher and author of the Flora Sibirica Johann Georg Gmelin .
The Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. ) Has the following synonyms: Abies gmelinii Rupr. , Abies kamtschatica Rupr. , Larix dahurica Trautv. , Larix kamtschatica (Rupr.) Carrière .
There are four varieties:
- Real Dahurian larch ( Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. Var. Gmelinii ): It occurs from Siberia to Kamchatka and northeastern China.
- Kuril larch ( Larix gmelinii var. Japonica (Maxim. Ex rule) pilgrims ): It occurs from Sakhalin to the Kuril Islands .
- Prince Rupprecht larch ( Larix gmelinii var. Principis-rupprechtii (Mayr) pilgrim , syn. Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr ): It is named after Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria (1869–1955), who contributed to its discovery. It occurs only in China in northern Shanxi , Hebei and Henan .
- Olga Bay larch ( Larix gmelinii var. Olgensis (A. Henry) Ostenfeld & Syrach , Syn .: Larix olgensis Henry ): Named after the Olga Bay of the Sea of Japan northeast of Vladivostok . It occurs from southern Far Eastern Russia to northern Korea.
swell
- Christopher J. Earle: Larix gmelinii. In: The Gymnosperm Database. May 27, 2011, accessed November 6, 2011 .
Individual evidence
- ^ Tropicos. [1]
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Larix. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 12, 2019.
- ^ Heinrich Mayr : Foreign forest and park trees for Europe ... Page 308. Berlin, Verlag Paul Parey, 1906.
Web links
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
- The flora on Lake Baikal. Baikalplan eV, January 30, 2006, accessed November 6, 2011 .
- Liguo Fu, Nan Li, Thomas S. Elias, Robert R. Mill: Larix gmelinii . In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 35 (English).
- Larix gmelinii in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2006. Posted by: Conifer Specialist Group, 1998. Retrieved on 12 May, 2006.
- Sebastian Stemmann: Larix gmelinii var. Gmelinii. Retrieved November 6, 2011 (images).