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lenses
Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Lentil ( Lens culinaris )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Fabeae
Genre : lenses
Scientific name
Lens
Mill.

The lenses ( Lens ) are a genus of plants in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae).

The lentil ( Lens culinaris ) used as a food crop is of economic importance . It is one of the oldest cultivated plants known to man.

description

Vegetative characteristics

The Lens species are predominantly annual , more rarely perennial , herbaceous plants . The stem is erect to prostrate.

The alternate leaves are usually pinnate in pairs with two to eight pairs of leaflets. The rachis ends in a awn-like tip, or in a simple tendril ; in rare cases a terminal leaflet is present. The obovate to obovate lanceolate leaflets have a smooth edge. The stipules are half-arrow-shaped to lanceolate.

Generative characteristics

The seeds of various varieties of lentils ( Lens culinaris )

There are only one to several flowers in lateral, long-stalked, racemose inflorescences . The bracts are small and obsolete and the bracts are missing.

The flowers, which are relatively small for the family, are hermaphroditic, zygomorphic , five-fold with double perianth . The five identical calyx teeth are several times longer than the calyx tube. The five petals are white, pale purple to bluish. The nailed flag is obovate. The two nailed and horned wings are fused with the shuttle. The shuttle is straight, pointed and often has a light beak. There are ten stamens, the top stamen is free and the stamen tube is cut off at an angle. The almost sedentary ovary contains only two ovules . The stylus is slightly flattened dorsiventrally and has a slight beard on the inside. The scar is small and ovoid.

The short-stalked legume is strongly flattened and contains one or two seeds. The brown seeds are flattened and rounded. The funiculus (stem) is expanded into an aril .

All Lens species are diploid with a chromosome set of 2n = 14.

distribution

The genus Lens culinaris Medik. is grown practically worldwide. The largest producers are Canada , India and Turkey . In 2017, around 7.6 million tons were harvested worldwide, almost 50% of which in Canada alone.

After lentils had not been grown in Germany since the 1960s, about 20 years later Woldemar Mammel started again in the Swabian Alb . Due to the strong demand, the Alb-Leisa growers ' association emerged , renamed Lauteracher Alb-Feld- Frucht in 2014 . First he had to fall back on French seeds, since the native varieties "Späths Alblinse I and II" were supposedly extinct. In 2006, however, these varieties were rediscovered in the Vawilow Seed Bank in St. Petersburg. From 2011 onwards, Woldemar Mammel managed to generate enough income from a few seeds to offer them for sale. In 2014, the Swabian alpine lentil was grown on the Weltacker in Berlin . Although Germany is not one of the main cultivation areas, it already ranked 16th among the cultivation areas in 2015.

Other main growing areas in Germany are the Heckengäu in Baden-Württemberg and the Vogelsbergkreis in Hesse. In Europe, the main growing areas are Spain and France.

Systematics

The name Lens comes from the Latin name for the lens . The generic name Lens was first published in 1754 by Philip Miller in The Gardeners Dictionary ... Abridged ... , 4th Edition, Volume 2. Lentilla W.Wight ex D. Fairchild is a synonym for Lens Mill .

The genus Lens belongs to the tribe Fabeae in the subfamily of the Faboideae within the family of the Fabaceae .

The genus Lens includes four or six species:

The sister group of the genus Lens is the genus Vicia .

literature

  • Bojian Bao, Nicholas J. Turland: Lens. , P. 576 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven & Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 10 - Fabaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St Louis, 2010. ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 . (Sections Description, Distribution and Systematics)
  • SI Ali: Papilionaceae. In: Linsen bei Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis (Sections Description, Distribution, and Systematics)
  • Y. Durán, M. Pérez de la Vega: Assessment of genetic variation and species relationships in a collection of Lens using RAPD and ISSR , In: Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research , Volume, Issue 4, 2004, pp. 538-544. PDF online.

Web links

Commons : Lenses  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
  2. ↑ FAO harvest statistics from 2017 , fao.org, accessed on October 15, 2019
  3. ↑ Lauteracher Alb field fruits. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Alb-Leisa - Lenses from the Swabian Alb. Retrieved June 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Information service agriculture - nutrition - rural areas Baden-Württemberg: Linsen-Info. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  6. ^ Lenses at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 18, 2015.
  7. ^ A b Lens in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  8. ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  9. ↑ Martin F. Wojciechowski, Matt Lavin, Michael J. Sanderson: A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family . In: American Journal of Botany . tape 91 , 2004, p. 1846-1862 ( abstract ).