Deputy Governor
A deputy governor (Engl. Lieutenant governor ) is the name for a high government officials in the United States and many countries of the Commonwealth of Nations . Usually it is the deputy of the governor or the governor general . In Canada, however, he de facto directly represents the head of state vis-à-vis the provincial governments.
Based on the English translation of Lieutenant Governor or Deputy Governor , the position of the deputy heads of government in a region below the national level is also referred to as vice governor for other countries, for example for the provinces in China .
Australia
At the beginning of the 19th century, only New South Wales was recognized as an independent colony and had its own governor, all other Australian (sub) colonies were ruled by lieutenant governors. Later, the individual sub-colonies became increasingly independent and therefore full-ranking governors were appointed there.
Today in Australia, lieutenant governors, administrators and chief judges for each state are constitutionally separate. In New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia the chairman of the Supreme Court also serves as lieutenant governor. The vice-governors do not exercise any functions, but can take over the office of governor at any time.
India
In India, a lieutenant governor is responsible for running a union territory and has almost the same powers as the chief ministers of the states. However, the office only exists in the union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands , Delhi , Jammu and Kashmir , Ladakh and Puducherry . Delhi and Puducherry have a certain degree of self-government with an elected legislature and a government, which is why the office of Vice-Governor is more representative. The three union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli , Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep are administered by an administrator of the IAS , and Chandigarh by the governor of Punjab as administrator.
Isle of Man
→ Main article: Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man
On the Isle of Man , the lieutenant governor was chairman of the Legislative Council and the Tynwald (the combined assembly of the Legislative Council and the House of Keys ) until 1980 . Both functions are performed today by the President of Tynwald. The only meeting the Lieutenant Governor chairs today is on Tynwald Day .
Japan
In the prefectures of Japan , the lieutenant governor ( fuku-chiji ) assists the governor in the exercise of his office and represents him when he is outside the prefecture and temporarily unable to exercise his office. The "Law on Local Self-Government" ( chihō-jichi-hō ) provides for a lieutenant governor in Article 161, but this number can be increased by special ordinances. For example, there are four lieutenant governors in the most populous Tokyo prefecture . The vice-governors are appointed by the governor with the approval of the prefecture parliament for four years. As with other subordinate positions such as the Election Oversight Commission or the Public Security Commission, the people can, according to Article 86 of the chihō-jichi-hō, demand the deposition of the vice governor via a recall referendum with a third of the eligible voters, on which the prefectural parliament must then decide .
Even with the Bank of Japan, the Nippon Ginko (Engl. Bank of Japan ), the leader sosai with Governor (Engl. Governor ) translated, which is why his two deputies ( fuku-sosai , Eng. Deputy governor ) are also known as Lieutenant Governor.
Channel Islands
In the crown estates of Guernsey and Jersey , the lieutenant governor is the monarch's representative. The office is mostly ceremonial, however, the executive functions are with the elected government of the respective islands.
Canada
→ Main article: Lieutenant Governor (Canada)
In Canada the lieutenant governor is the representative of the monarch in the provinces, just as the governor general of Canada represents the monarch at the national level. The vice-governors are not subordinate to the governor-general but have the same rank, since they all represent the same head of state. Like the governor general, the lieutenant governors are appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister of Canada . However, they are not installed by the monarch, but by the governor general. The three Canadian territories have a commissioner (commissioner) , which has similar tasks. In contrast to the provinces, however, the territories are not sovereign state structures. The territorial commissioners therefore do not represent the head of state, but are merely officials of the federal government.
New Zealand
New Zealand's only lieutenant governor was William Hobson from 1839 to 1841 . At that time New Zealand was a dependent area of the New South Wales colony administered by George Gipps . After New Zealand was elevated to a crown colony, Hobson was appointed governor.
United States
In the United States , 45 of the 50 states have a lieutenant governor. As a rule, he takes the place of the governor when he is outside the state and temporarily unable to exercise his office. In 24 states, the governor and vice-president are elected jointly to ensure that they belong to the same party. In 18 countries, however, the elections are made separately. In many cases, the Vice-Governor is the President of the Senate of the respective state .
Arizona , Maine , New Hampshire , Oregon , Tennessee , West Virginia and Wyoming have no lieutenant governors . Here the Secretary of State partially fulfills the relevant tasks. The office of lieutenant governor has existed in New Jersey since January 2010.
Before independence, each of the Thirteen Colonies had a lieutenant governor. The main difference to the governor was that the lieutenant governor had to be resident in the respective colony. In addition, the lieutenant governor received his wages from the colony's coffers, while the governor was paid directly from the British Crown.
literature
- George F. G. Stanley: The Role of the Lieutenant-Governor - A Seminar. Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Fredericton 1992.