Lipiny
| Lipiny | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| District of: | Świętochłowice | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 18 ′ N , 18 ° 54 ′ E | ||
| Residents : | |||
| Postal code : | 41-600 to 41-608 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 32 | ||
| License plate : | SW | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Ruda Śląska - Chorzów | ||
| Next international airport : | Katowice | ||
Lipiny (German Lipine ) has been one of five districts of the Polish industrial city of Świętochłowice in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1951 .
geography
Lipiny occupies the north-western part of the urban area. In the north, Lipiny borders on Bytom ( Bytom ) , in the west on Ruda Śląska , in the south on the Centrum district, and in the east directly on the other districts of Chropaczów and Piaśniki .
history
The recent history of the village Lipine goes to an existing around the mid-18th century Vorwerk back that the Chropaczower manors belonged. The name of the head of this Vorwerk was later transferred to the place and mentioned for the first time in a purchase contract for these areas of November 26, 1802 . At that time Karl von Woyrsch sold the manor district to Georg Karl von Hessen-Darmstadt . In 1806 the Bavarian King Maximilian I followed as the new owner of the Prussian town.
Just like the surrounding Upper Silesian areas, industrialization quickly gained a foothold in the previously undeveloped Lipine, and from 1823 hard coal was extracted in Lipine . The development of Lipines into an industrial location finally initiated the founding of the David works in 1826 and the takeover of the place by the Henckel von Donnersmarcks under Count Carl Lazarus in the same year. This was also associated with the construction of the first workers' houses and settlements, and other heavy industrial companies followed . In 1848 Guido Henckel von Donnersmarck inherited his father's property, including Lipine. He was also the co-founder of the important mining company " Schlesische Aktiengesellschaft für Bergbau und Zinkhüttenbetrieb " in 1853 based in Lipine. In the period that followed, it not only bought up various zinc ore , lead and hard coal mines as well as zinc smelters, but also founded new establishments, such as the David zinc smelter in Lipine in the 1860s and the large Silesia zinc rolling mill from several industrial companies .
Municipal development was also promoted. The first school was opened in 1862, a volunteer fire brigade was formed in 1868 and St. Augustine's Church was built from 1870–1872. As early as 1860, the Lipin Jews had formed their own congregation and on October 13, 1901, the Protestant church was consecrated. The downside of the rapid industrial development were the poor hygienic conditions and the cramped living conditions, which facilitated the outbreak of diseases, such as a cholera epidemic in 1874 .
Even if Lipine belonged to the municipality of Chropaczow at that time, it caught up with the place in the second half of the 19th century in terms of population and industrial importance. Ultimately, on July 13, 1875, the district administration of Beuthen decided to move Lipine from Chropaczow. The new municipality of Lipine with the workers' colonies Kopanina, Martinschacht and Piasniki, however, was actually only created by virtue of a royal decree of April 1, 1879.
The infrastructure was further developed so that Lipine not only benefited from its proximity to the Breslau - Kattowitz railway line built in 1846 (station in Schwientochlowitz), but also received a connection to the Zabrze - Königshütte tramway on December 30, 1894 . In 1898 the place was finally equipped with electric street lighting.
Especially after the lost First World War , workers' unrest increased in the industrial town of Lipine. End of December 1918 came to 'strike and in January 1919 brought great miners' riots of Spartakists from what about Lipine and other cities of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region of the state of siege was imposed. With the first Polish uprising , the national component was strengthened and ended in fighting on August 18, 1919, whereupon Lipine was occupied by the insurgents on August 26, 1920. On March 20, 1921, the referendum took place in Upper Silesia , which in Lipine resulted in a majority of 56.75%, or 5,319 of the 9,372 valid votes for the connection to Poland. As a result of the division of Upper Silesia, Lipine was assigned to the Polish East Upper Silesia in 1922 as Lipiny .
In 1936 the Protestant church had to be demolished due to damage in the mountains , while the cemetery was preserved. On September 3, 1939 Lipiny was from the German Wehrmacht occupied and was from 1941 part of the Gaus Upper Silesia in the " Greater German Reich ". On January 28, 1945, the place was occupied by the Red Army and part of Poland again. Lipiny lost its independence - even if it corresponded to a medium- sized town in its population - on April 10, 1951 and was attached to the city of Świętochłowice. Mining and metallurgy continued to grow in communist Poland and in 1967 the Silesia and Mathilde coal mines were merged.
In the inter-war period , one of the highest levels of air pollution in Europe was measured in Lipiny , which is largely due to the local zinc smelters . To date, environmental pollution, along with high unemployment (20.9% in 2000), is a major problem in Świętochłowice and its districts.
Population development
The population of Lipiny by area:
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1855¹ | 1,777 |
| 1861 | 2,909 |
| 1867 | 4,507 |
| 1905 | 17,242 |
| 1910 | 18,190 |
| 1925 | 18,220 |
¹ together with Chropaczow
Attractions
- The neo-Gothic parish church of St. Augustine (kościół pw. Św. Augustyna) was consecrated on September 24, 1872 after two years of construction. The three-aisled brick hall building on a cross-shaped floor plan, with a front tower and roof turret is thus the oldest church in today's urban area of Świętochłowice. The stone main portal is flanked by statues of Saints Florian and John of Nepomuk , on whose console an inscription provides information about the sculptor - S. Schmidt from Augsburg.
- In Lipiny, many of the old brick workers 'houses from the 19th and 20th centuries , known as familoki , have been preserved, especially in the workers' settlement south of ul.Chorzowska, the former Kronprinzen-Chaussee, where at the turn of the century the former town hall was the corner house was built.
sons and daughters of the town
- Jacob Sonderling (born October 19, 1878, † September 30, 1964), rabbi, field rabbi and author
- Arthur Goldstein , (born March 18, 1887, † 1941 or 1942) - communist journalist and politician
- Wilhelm Piec (born November 2, 1915 - † April 4, 1954) - Polish-Silesian football player
References
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f cf. pl: Lipiny (dzielnica Świętochłowic)
- ↑ a b c cf. http://www.swietochlowice.pl/?temat=mia.his
- ↑ See archived copy ( memento of the original dated February 7, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Cf. Word document of the city administration ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
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Sources of population figures :
- 1855, 1861: [1] - 1905: Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. - 1910: [2] - 1867, 1925: pl: Lipiny (dzielnica Świętochłowic)
Chropaczów (Silesian Mine) | Lipiny (Lipine) | Piaśniki (Piasniki) | Zgoda (Eintrachthütte)