List of dyes
This list of dyes gives an overview of dyes according to basic color , as is customary in the specialist literature. Dyes of vegetable origin can also be found in the list of dye plants . A list of the insoluble pigments can be found under List of Pigments .
violet
- Alizarin violet is a synthetic organic dye, the color is a reddish purple, undiluted a very pure and deep tone. The dye is moderately to sufficiently lightfast and completely non-toxic.
- Crystal violet is a triphenylmethane dye. It is used as a dye in color ribbons or copying pens and, above all, in microscopic dyeing technology.
- Mauvein is a basic azine dye in the eponymous color mauve .
blue
- The plant dye indigo can be obtained from the Indian indigo plant or the indigenous woad .
- Like the dyes orseille and orcein, litmus is obtained from lichen species of the genus Roccella . All three change their color from blue to purple according to the pH value of the environment.
- The knowledge about the composition and origin of the dye Tekhelet mentioned in the Tanach has partly been lost. The hue is described in the script as sea blue . The Talmud names the animal Chilazon as a source , the identification of which is debated, but is probably the blunt prickly snail ( Hexaplex trunculus ).
turquoise
- Process cyan is the cyan of four-color printing standardized in ISO 2846 .
green
- Solid green is a tar dye .
purple
- Mauvein was the first aniline dye . Its color is the eponymous mauve .
- Orseille and orcein are obtained like litmus from lichen species of the genus Roccella .
- The real purple , an organic dye from sea snails, is only rarely used, mostly for religious purposes or to restore old fabrics.
- Tournsol or Folium is a purple substitute of the dye of the chrozophora tinctoria L . The dye can be red, purple, or blue in color and was mainly used in book illumination .
- Even with Litmus is a purple substitute formed by fermentation with alkalis is made and subsequent precipitation with alum from extracts of lichens. It was mainly used for book illumination, but also as food coloring and for coloring paper. In chemistry litmus is used as a pH indicator . The dye has been known since the 7th century.
yellow
- Berberis or berberine is the name given to the yellow dye contained in common barberry .
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Indian yellow is an orange shade of yellow. The name means at least three different colorants.
- The historical Indian yellow was obtained from the urine of cows that were fed mango leaves . It is chemically a magnesium and calcium salt of euxanthic acid . It is no longer produced for reasons of animal welfare .
- An initial reproduction of the color shade was achieved with an azo dye (PY1), albeit with unsatisfactory lightfastness.
- Saffron is obtained from a type of crocus . The coloring component is the dye crocetin .
- Solid yellow is a tar dye .
orange
- Benzaurine , a triphenylmethane dye
- Pyranthrone orange is a synthetic organic dye ("tar dye") with excellent lightfastness and good stability. The hue is a relatively dark orange. In contrast to the majority of organic pigments, pyranthrone orange is not translucent, but semi-opaque. It can therefore be used as a substitute for toxic and more expensive cadmium orange.
- Dibromoanthanthrone (Vat Orange 3) is an orange-red, synthetic organic vat dye .
red
- The red plant pigment chica is obtained from the leaves of the Brazilian bignonia plant Arrabidaea chica and is used by Indians for body painting, for dyeing cotton fabrics and for painting baskets.
- The main field of application of the coal tar dye eosin is microscopic dyeing technology.
- The red lacquer , like shellac, is obtained from lacquer scale insects
- The true carmine , scarlet or cochineal is an organic dye selected from scale insects is obtained.
- The relatively inexpensive naphthol red is a substitute for cadmium red in terms of color, but less opaque and only moderately lightfast.
- Dragon blood
- Brazilin or brasilein and Santalin are from Brazil wood and other Rotholzarten extracted.
- Thorn ink