List of summer times

The summertime is usually a summer half hour presented time a time zone . In Central Europe we speak of Central European Summer Time (CEST; UTC +2). The official expression for the local standard time or zone time is Central European Time (CET; UTC + 1). The Central European Midsummer Time (MEHSZ; UT + 3) - also called "double summer time" - was a special time zone in 1945 and 1947 in Germany. It corresponded to the British Double Summer Time UT + 2 as the summer time of War Time UT + 1 (GMT / GMT + 1).

In the following, ME (H / S) Z also denotes the historical times ( Berlin time, Vienna time, etc.); Reference until 1928 GMT , until 1968 UT , from 1968 UTC as world time

List of all states with daylight saving time

Daylight saving time used

Daylight saving time no longer used

Summertime never used

All member states of the European Union and the European Economic Area (except Iceland )

States in which daylight saving time applies in the same period as in the European Union:
Albania , Andorra , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Kosovo , Lebanon , Moldova , Monaco , Montenegro , North Macedonia , San Marino , Switzerland , Serbia , Ukraine , Vatican City

States that have daylight saving time in another period:
Australia (partially), Bahamas , Bermuda , Brazil (very inconsistent), Iran , Israel , Canada (partially), Cuba , Mexico , New Zealand , Palestinian Territories , Paraguay , Syria , USA (partially)

Worldwide information

A widely used source for (historical) summer time information is The International Atlas by Thomas Shanks and Rique Pottenger and Edward Whitman's "World Time Differences". The IATA Standard Schedules Information Manual, which is updated every six months, provides information on the currently valid summer times.

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority maintains a globally valid, constantly updated and computer-readable list of all time zones and daylight saving times on its website . To ensure that time spans are calculated correctly even after changes in summer time (and changes in time zones), historical summer time regulations are also specified. An example of such an entry is Malta :

# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-

These lines indicate that from 1975 to 1979 the clock was put forward by one hour at 2 a.m. on the first Sunday in April, which falls on the 15th day or a later calendar day. In September the clock was reset to normal time using the same rule.

Common European summer time

Since 1980 the European Union (formerly EEC / EC) has been promoting a common summer time regulation, which has also been adopted in various other associated countries. It initially stretched from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September, time change at 02:00 CET (01:00 UTC) ↔ 03:00 CEST. In 1996 it was extended to the last Sunday in October.

1980-1995

04/06/1980, 02:00 CET - 09/28/1980, 03:00 CEST
03/29/1981, 02:00 CET - 09/27/1981, 03:00 CEST
03/28/1982, 02:00 CET - 09/26/1982, 03:00 CEST
03/27/1983, 02:00 CET - 09/25/1983, 03:00 CEST
03/25/1984, 02:00 CET - 09/30/1984, 03:00 CEST
03/31/1985, 02:00 CET - 09/29/1985, 03:00 CEST
03/30/1986, 02:00 CET - 09/28/1986, 03:00 CEST
03/29/1987, 02:00 CET - 09/27/1987, 03:00 CEST
03/27/1988, 02:00 CET - 09/25/1988, 03:00 CEST
03/26/1989, 02:00 CET - 09/24/1989, 03:00 CEST
03/25/1990, 02:00 CET - 09/30/1990, 03:00 CEST
March 31, 1991, 02:00 CET - 09/29/1991, 03:00 CEST
03/29/1992, 02:00 CET - 09/27/1992, 03:00 CEST
03/28/1993, 02:00 CET - 09/26/1993, 03:00 CEST
03/27/1994, 02:00 CET - 09/25/1994, 03:00 CEST
03/26/1995, 02:00 CET - 09/24/1995, 03:00 CEST

Since 1996

March 31, 1996, 02:00 CET - October 27, 1996, 03:00 CEST
March 30th, 1997, 02:00 CET - October 26th, 1997, 03:00 CEST
March 29, 1998, 02:00 CET - October 25, 1998, 03:00 CEST
03/28/1999, 02:00 CET - 10/31/1999, 03:00 CEST
03/26/2000, 02:00 CET - 10/29/2000, 03:00 CEST
25.03.2001, 02:00 CET - 28.10.2001, 03:00 CEST
March 31, 2002, 02:00 CET - October 27, 2002, 03:00 CEST
03/30/2003, 02:00 CET - 10/26/2003, 03:00 CEST
March 28, 2004, 02:00 CET - October 31, 2004, 03:00 CEST
03/27/2005, 02:00 CET - 10/30/2005, 03:00 CEST
03/26/2006, 02:00 CET - 10/29/2006, 03:00 CEST
25.03.2007, 02:00 CET - 28.10.2007, 03:00 CEST
03/30/2008, 02:00 CET - 10/26/2008, 03:00 CEST
03/29/2009, 02:00 CET - 10/25/2009, 03:00 CEST
03/28/2010, 02:00 CET - 10/31/2010, 03:00 CEST
03/27/2011, 02:00 CET - 10/30/2011, 03:00 CEST
25.03.2012, 02:00 CET - 28.10.2012, 03:00 CEST
March 31, 2013, 02:00 CET - October 27, 2013, 03:00 CEST
March 30, 2014, 02:00 CET - October 26, 2014, 03:00 CEST
March 29, 2015, 02:00 CET - October 25, 2015, 03:00 CEST
03/27/2016, 02:00 CET - 10/30/2016, 03:00 CEST
03/26/2017, 02:00 CET - 10/29/2017, 03:00 CEST
25.03.2018, 02:00 CET - 28.10.2018, 03:00 CEST
March 31, 2019, 02:00 CET - October 27, 2019, 03:00 CEST

Germany

There were summer times in Germany from 1916 to 1918, from 1940 to 1949 (sometimes only in certain parts of the country) and from 1980.

1916-1918

04/30/1916, 23:00 CET - 10/01/1916, 01:00 CEST
04/16/1917, 02:00 CET - 09/17/1917, 03:00 CEST
04/15/1918, 02:00 CET - 09/16/1918, 03:00 CEST

1940-1944

04/01/1940, 02:00 CET S.- 12/31/1940, 24:00 CEST
01.01.1941, 00:00 CEST - 31.12.1941, 24:00 CEST
01/01/1942, 00:00 CEST - 02/11/1942, 03:00 CEST
March 29, 1943, 02:00 CET S.- October 04, 1943, 03:00 CEST
04/03/1944, 02:00 CET S.- 10/02/1944, 03:00 CEST

1945-1949

1945 - Berlin and Soviet-occupied zone

05/24/1945, 02:00 CET HS- 09/24/1945, 03:00 CET
September 24th, 1945, 03:00 CET - November 18, 1945, 03:00 CEST

1945 - Rest of Germany

04/02/1945, 02:00 CET HS- 09/16/1945, 02:00 CEST

1946–1947 - Entire German territory

April 14, 1946, 02:00 CET HS- October 07, 1946, 03:00 CEST
04/06/1947, 03:00 CET HS- 05/11/1947, 03:00 CEST
May 11, 1947, 03:00 CEST H- 06/29/1947, 03:00 CET
06/29/1947, 03:00 CET - 10/05/1947, 03:00 CEST

1948–1949 - Soviet-occupied zone

04/18/1948, 03:00 CET - 10/3/1948, 03:00 CEST
04/10/1949, 03:00 CET - 10/02/1949, 03:00 CEST

1948–1949 - Rest of Germany

April 18, 1948, 02:00 CET - October 03, 1948, 03:00 CEST
04/10/1949, 02:00 CET - 10/02/1949, 03:00 CEST

From 1980

Federal Republic and GDR with the exception of Büsingen am Hochrhein , since 1981 also Büsingen, since 1991 only Federal Republic: common European summer time .

Austria

Summer time was introduced in Austria in 1916. It was valid until 1920 with the exception of 1919, with Salzburg postponing it on May 1st, 1920.

With the connection of Austria in 1938 to the German Reich whose arrangements applied until arrival of the Allies and the withdrawal of Nazi regulations. From 1946 to 1948, Austria adopted the same regulations as West Germany, excluding midsummer.

In 1980, summer time was reintroduced as in Germany, in the year of introduction according to the then legal requirement 24:00 CET (01:00 UTC) → 01:00 CEST; Reset 24:00 CEST (02:00 UTC) → 23:00 CET, with the date jumps a similarly confusing regulation as in 1916. Since joining the EU in 1995, direct reference to the EU regulations has been made in the regulations.

1916-1920

04/30/1916, 23:00 CET - 10/01/1916, 01:00 CEST (like Germany)
04/16/1917, 02:00 CET - 09/17/1917, 03:00 CEST (like Germany)
04/15/1918, 02:00 CET - 09/16/1918, 03:00 CEST (like Germany)
1919 no daylight saving time; prescribed but withdrawn
04/05/1920, 02:00 CET - 09/13/1920, 03:00 CEST - rest of Austria
04/05/1920, 02:00 CET - 05/01/1920, 01:00 CEST - Salzburg exclusive state railway

1940-1948

1940–1944 see Germany
April 2nd, 1945, 02:00 CET - Liberation by the Allies, in Vienna by April 12th, 1945, in other locations by April 23rd, 1945 at the latest
April 14, 1946, 02:00 CET - October 07, 1946, 03:00 CEST
04/06/1947, 03:00 CET - 10/05/1947, 03:00 CEST
April 18, 1948, 02:00 CET - October 03, 1948, 03:00 CEST

From 1980

04/06/1980, 00:00 CET - 09/27/1980, 24:00 CEST

then common European summer time , since joining the EU in 1995 with direct reference to the EU regulations

Switzerland

In Switzerland in 1941 and 1942 summer time was in effect from the beginning of May to the beginning of October. Since 1981 the same daylight saving time regulations apply as in the neighboring countries.

1941-1942

05/05/1941, 02:00 CET - 06.10.1941, 00:00 CEST
May 04, 1942, 02:00 CET - October 05, 1942, 00:00 CEST

From 1981

Adoption of the common European summer time

Netherlands

In the Netherlands , the reference time of the early 20th century was the Amsterdam time ( Amsterdamse Tijd AT). In 1916 the summer time Amsterdamse Zomertijd (AZT) was introduced, which was valid until 1939 with changing regulations.

With the occupation by the German Reich on May 10, 1940, the Berlin time (CET, AT – 0:40) was introduced; the same regulations applied here until the liberation began in September 1944, when the British Double Summer Time UT + 2 and then War Time ( British Summer Time ) UT + 1 was used. The return to Central European Time took place in early October 1944.

After 1944, although this was still in effect in neighboring Germany until 1949, there was no longer any summer time. In 1977 summer time was reintroduced, and from 1981 the EEG / EC regulation came into force.

1916-1944

May 01, 1916 00:00 AT - October 01, 1916 00:00 AZT (first day of the month)
04/16/1917 02:00 AT - 09/17/1917 03:00 AZT (third Monday of the month)
05/01/1918 02:00 AT - 09/30/1918 03:00 AZT (first Monday in April to last Monday in September)
04/07/1919 02:00 AT - 09/29/1919 03:00 AZT
04/05/1920 02:00 AT - 09/27/1920 03:00 AZT
04.04.1921 02:00 AT - 26.09.1921 03:00 AZT
26.03.1922 02:00 AT - 08.10.1922 03:00 AZT (from the last Sunday in March to the Sunday of the first weekend in October)
01.06.1923 02:00 AT - 07.10.1923 03:00 AZT (from the first Friday in June)
03/30/1924 02:00 AT - 10/05/1924 03:00 AZT (from the last Sunday in March)
06/05/1925 02:00 AT - 04.10.1925 03:00 AZT (from the first Friday in June)
05.15.1926 02:00 AT - 03.10.1926 03:00 AZT (from May 15th [until 1939], if this is a day of Pentecost , from May 22nd)
05.15.1927 02:00 AT - 02.10.1927 03:00 AZT
05.15.1928 02:00 AT - 07.10.1928 03:00 AZT
05.15.1929 02:00 AT - 06.10.1929 03:00 AZT
05/15/1930 02:00 AT - 05.10.1930 03:00 AZT
05/15/1931 02:00 AT - 04.10.1931 03:00 AZT
05/22/1932 02:00 AT - 10/02/1932 03:00 AZT
05.15.1933 02:00 AT - 08.10.1933 03:00 AZT
05.15.1934 02:00 AT - 07.10.1934 03:00 AZT
05/15/1935 02:00 AT - 06.10.1935 03:00 AZT
05/15/1936 02:00 AT - 04.10.1936 03:00 AZT
05/22/1937 02:00 AT - 03.10.1937 03:00 AZT
05.15.1938 02:00 AT - 02.10.1938 03:00 AZT
05.15.1939 02:00 AT - 08.10.1939 03:00 AZT
1940–1944 see above, in the liberated part 1944 British Double Summer Time

Since 1977

04/03/1977 02:00 CET - 09/25/1977 03:00 CEST (from the first Sunday in April to the Sunday before the first weekend in October)
04/02/1978 02:00 CET - 10/01/1978 03:00 CEST
04/01/1979 02:00 CET - 09/30/1979 03:00 CEST

then common European summer time

Turkey

In September 2016, as a result of the rejection of some EU states regarding possible EU accession for political reasons, Turkey decided to keep daylight saving time continuously, and is thus unchanged throughout the year in the FET ( Further-Eastern European Time Zone UTC + 3 ). Before that, UTC + 2 , EET (Eastern European Time) was used from the end of October to the end of March .

The large Istanbul is at 29.0 ° East very precisely on the time meridian E30 ° for UTC + 2, the much smaller capital Ankara at 32.9 ° East, the center of gravity of Turkey is a little further east at (rounded down to whole degrees) 35 ° East, corresponding to a local time of UTC + 2: 20.

Individual evidence

Time zones and summer times. In: themamundi - astrological almanac. Retrieved November 8, 2008 .

↑ Thomas Shanks, Rique Pottenger: The International Atlas: World Longitudes & Latitudes, Changes Time and Time Zones . ISBN 978-0-935127-88-1 .
^ Edward W. Whitman: World Time Differences . 1965.
↑ Time Zone Database. In: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved March 25, 2018 .
↑ Summer times and high summer times in Germany up to 1979. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, November 2, 2003, accessed on October 27, 2014 .
↑ Summer times in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1980. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, November 28, 2006, accessed on November 8, 2008 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Hermann Mucke : Astronomical foundations of the sundials . In: Hermann Mucke (Ed.): Sundials . 19th Sternfreunde Seminar, 1991. Planetarium of the City of Vienna and Austrian Astronomical Association , Vienna 1991, 1.3.5. Summer time in Austria , p. 29–48 (list up to 1991).
↑ LGVBl. for Salzburg 71/1920: Announcement of the state government in Salzburg of April 29, 1920, Zl. 1872 / Pres., regarding the restoration of summer time in the state of Salzburg.
in: State Law and Ordinance Sheet for the State of Salzburg . LXII. Piece, issued on April 29, 1920, p. 199 ( online at alex.onb.ac.at )
↑ StGBl. No. 236/1919: Execution instruction of the state government of April 15, 1919 on the introduction of summer time for the year 1919.
in: Staatsgesetzblatt für den Staat Deutschösterreich , 79th issue, issued on April 20, 1919, p. 573 ( online at alex .onb.ac.at )
↑ StGBl. No. 244/1919: Execution order of the state government of April 24, 1919, regarding the repeal of the execution order of April 15, 1919, St. G. Bl. No. 236, on the introduction of summer time.
in: State Law Gazette for the State of German Austria. 84th issue, issued on April 26, 1919, p. 585 ( online at alex.onb.ac.at )
↑ Summer times in Switzerland. Federal Metrology Office, November 9, 2007, accessed April 6, 2009 .
^ RH van Gent: IV - Zomertijdregeling in Nederland (1916 dead nu) . In: De wettelijke tijdregeling in Nederland . Institute for History and Foundations of Science, March 26, 2009, accessed October 3, 2009 (Dutch).
↑ NZZ article [1]
↑ Turkey Geographic Coordinates indexmundi.com, based on: CIA World Factbook - Version March 31, 2017, accessed July 28, 2019.

[1] Thomas Shanks, Rique Pottenger: The International Atlas: World Longitudes & Latitudes, Changes Time and Time Zones . ISBN 978-0-935127-88-1 .

[2] Edward W. Whitman: World Time Differences . 1965.

[3] Time Zone Database. In: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority. Retrieved March 25, 2018 .

[4] Summer times and high summer times in Germany up to 1979. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, November 2, 2003, accessed on October 27, 2014 .

[5] Summer times in the Federal Republic of Germany from 1980. Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, November 28, 2006, accessed on November 8, 2008 .

[Mucke-6] Hermann Mucke : Astronomical foundations of the sundials . In: Hermann Mucke (Ed.): Sundials . 19th Sternfreunde Seminar, 1991. Planetarium of the City of Vienna and Austrian Astronomical Association , Vienna 1991, 1.3.5. Summer time in Austria , p. 29–48 (list up to 1991).

[Sbg-LGVBl-71-1920-7] LGVBl. for Salzburg 71/1920: Announcement of the state government in Salzburg of April 29, 1920, Zl. 1872 / Pres., regarding the restoration of summer time in the state of Salzburg.
in: State Law and Ordinance Sheet for the State of Salzburg . LXII. Piece, issued on April 29, 1920, p. 199 ( online at alex.onb.ac.at )

[O-StGBl-236-1919-8] StGBl. No. 236/1919: Execution instruction of the state government of April 15, 1919 on the introduction of summer time for the year 1919.
in: Staatsgesetzblatt für den Staat Deutschösterreich , 79th issue, issued on April 20, 1919, p. 573 ( online at alex .onb.ac.at )

[O-StGBl-244-1919-9] StGBl. No. 244/1919: Execution order of the state government of April 24, 1919, regarding the repeal of the execution order of April 15, 1919, St. G. Bl. No. 236, on the introduction of summer time.
in: State Law Gazette for the State of German Austria. 84th issue, issued on April 26, 1919, p. 585 ( online at alex.onb.ac.at )

[10] Summer times in Switzerland. Federal Metrology Office, November 9, 2007, accessed April 6, 2009 .

[11] RH van Gent: IV - Zomertijdregeling in Nederland (1916 dead nu) . In: De wettelijke tijdregeling in Nederland . Institute for History and Foundations of Science, March 26, 2009, accessed October 3, 2009 (Dutch).

[12] NZZ article [1]

[13] Turkey Geographic Coordinates indexmundi.com, based on: CIA World Factbook - Version March 31, 2017, accessed July 28, 2019.