List of Swedish governors in Pomerania
The list of Swedish governors in Pomerania contains the chronological order of the Swedish governors in Pomerania from 1630 to 1814.
Pomerania was occupied by Swedish troops in 1630 . In 1638 Sweden took over full government power in the entire duchy and in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 received the Western Pomerania region including Stettin and a strip of land east of the Oder as a satisfaction. Initially, legates resided in Szczecin as representatives or permanent envoys of the Swedish crown; from 1638, real governors were appointed who carried the official title of governor general .
List of Swedish governors in Pomerania
| Surname | Term of office |
|---|---|
| Klas Horn (September 15, 1583 - August 22, 1632) | 1631–1632 (bequest) |
| Sten Svantesson Bielke (* 1598 - April 6, 1638) | 1633–1638 (bequest) |
| Johan Banér (July 3, 1596 - May 20, 1641) | 1638–1641 (1st Governor General) |
| Lennart Torstensson (August 17, 1603 - April 7, 1651) | 1641-1646 |
| Carl Gustav Wrangel (born December 5, 1613 - † June 24, 1676) | 1648–1650 (1st period) |
| Johan Axelsson Oxenstierna (June 24, 1611 - December 5, 1657) | 1650-1652 |
| Axel Lillie (July 23, 1603 - December 20, 1662) | 1652-1654 |
| Carl Gustav Wrangel (born December 5, 1613 - † June 24, 1676) | 1654–1676 (2nd period) |
| Occupied by Brandenburg | 1678-1679 |
| Otto Wilhelm von Königsmarck (January 5, 1639 - September 15, 1688) | 1679-1685 |
| Nils Bielke (born February 7, 1644 - † November 26, 1716) | 1687-1698 |
| Jürgen Mellin (November 2, 1633 - January 13, 1713) | 1698-1711 |
| Occupied by Prussia and Denmark | 1715-1720 |
| Johan August Meyerfeldt (* 1664; † 1749) | 1720-1747 |
| Axel von Löwen (November 1, 1686 - July 25, 1772) | 1747-1766 |
| Hans Henrik von Liewen (* 1704; † November 25, 1781) | 1766-1772 |
| Fredrik Carl Sinclair (October 17, 1723 - May 11, 1776) | 1772-1776 |
| Fredrik Vilhelm von Hessenstein (* 1735; † 1808) | 1776-1791 |
| Eric Ruuth (born October 24, 1746 - † May 25, 1820) | 1792-1796 |
| Philip Julius Bernhard von Platen (March 14, 1732 - April 23, 1805) | 1796-1800 |
| Hans Henric von Essen (born September 26, 1755 - † June 28, 1824) | 1800–1807 (1st period) |
| Occupied by France | 1807-1809 |
| Hans Henric von Essen (born September 26, 1755 - † June 28, 1824) | 1809–1815 (2nd period) |
Historical classification
Sweden first intervened in 1628 with an auxiliary contingent in the defense of Stralsund in the Thirty Years War (1618-1648). In 1630 Swedish troops landed on the islands of Rügen and Usedom and pushed the imperial occupation troops out of the Duchy of Pomerania by the summer of 1631 .
In the Szczecin alliance agreement of July 10th jul. / July 20, 1630 greg. between Gustav II Adolf and Bogislaw XIV the relationship between Sweden and Pomerania was regulated. Since then, legates have resided in Szczecin as permanent representatives of the Swedish crown .
Bogislaw XIV was the last Duke of Pomerania; he died childless in 1637. In the spring of 1638 the Swedes also took over civil administration from the Pomeranian councils, which until then had been in office as the Pomeranian councilors .
Instead of a legate, a governor-general was installed, whose office was carried out by the respective Swedish commander-in-chief in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation . Until the end of the war he was assigned a lieutenant governor for Western and Western Pomerania. Field Marshal Johan Banér was appointed as the first Governor General in 1638 by Chancellor Axel Oxenstierna (1583-1654), who reigned for Queen Christina of Sweden , who was only eleven at the time . From then on the official seats were Wolgast and Stettin , from 1720 - when Stettin fell to Prussia - Stralsund again.
As a result of the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the permanent and immediate imperial fief of Pomerania of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was divided: Western Pomerania fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg , while Western Pomerania and the island of Rügen came under Swedish rule. This means that the Swedish kings ruled there with all the titles and rights of the former dukes, were German imperial princes and, like the elector of Brandenburg, had a seat for the duchy in the German Reichstag . Swedish Pomerania - from then on also known as Swedish West Pomerania - remained part of the German Empire and never became part of Sweden. The office and functions of the Governor General were described in the Swedish-Pomeranian form of government of 1663, which was based heavily on the regimental constitution of 1634 , which was passed under Bogislaw XIV .
In the Swedish-Brandenburg War (1674–1679), Swedish-Pomerania was occupied by Brandenburg troops from 1678 to 1679, but remained Swedish as a result of the Peace of Saint-Germain (1679). During the Great Northern War (1700–1721), Swedish Pomerania was occupied several times by Danish, Russian, Saxon and Prussian troops. On December 23, 1715, Stralsund was the last Swedish fortress to be abandoned. Until the Treaty of Stockholm (1720), the northern Vorpommern stood up to the Peene of Denmark, the remaining part under Prussian administration. Through this peace agreement, however, Sweden regained the part of Western Pomerania north of Peene and Trebel , including the island of Rügen.
On June 26, 1806, the Pomeranian constitution was suspended by Gustav IV Adolf , the Swedish constitution was to be introduced and the Swedish Imperial Code adopted. The occasion was a dispute with the estates about the establishment of a Pomeranian Landwehr. A complete separation of Swedish Pomerania from the German Reich was not intended with this measure; but its existence ended with the resignation of the imperial crown by Franz II on August 6, 1806 anyway.
From 1807 to the beginning of 1810, and again briefly in 1812/13, Swedish Pomerania was occupied by Napoleonic troops. As a result, the reforms of the legal system that had begun in 1806 came to fruition only slowly or not at all.
As a result of the Peace of Kiel (1814), Sweden ceded its Swedish-Pomeranian property to Denmark, which then came to Prussia through the Congress of Vienna (1815) in exchange for the Duchy of Lauenburg .
literature
- Max Wilberg : Regent Tables - A compilation of the rulers of countries on all continents up to the beginning of the 20th century. Frankfurt / Oder 1906, p. 324, no. 535.
- Hans-Joachim Hacker: Pomerania as the scene of Swedish politics. In: Issues of the Ernst Moritz Arndt Society. Vol. 10, Groß Schoritz 2006, ISBN 3-931661-05-9 , pp. 22-36.
- Maren Lorenz : The wheel of violence. Military and civilian population in Northern Germany after the Thirty Years War (1650–1700). Böhlau, Cologne a. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-412-11606-4 .
- Fritz Petrick: The end of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and Sweden's German States. In: Hefte der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Gesellschaft, Vol. 10. Groß Schoritz 2006, ISBN 3-931661-05-9 , pp. 37–45.
- Joachim Wächter : The constitutional situation in Swedish Western Pomerania. In: Hefte der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Gesellschaft, Vol. 10 , Groß Schoritz 2006, ISBN 3-931661-05-9 , pp. 46–52.
Remarks
- ↑ Jens E. Olesen : Effects of Danish rule on the understanding and practice of tribunal activity. In: Dirk Alvermann , Jürgen Regge (Ed.): Justitia in Pommern. LIT, Berlin a. a. 2004, ISBN 3-8258-8218-7 , pp. 111-132