Moriz Kaposi

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moriz Kaposi

Moriz Kaposi , also Moritz Kaposi ([ ˈkɒpoʃi ]) - born Moriz Kohn - (born October 23, 1837 in Kaposvár / Somogy County , Hungary ; † March 6, 1902 in Vienna ) was an Austrian dermatologist . According to him, this is Kaposi's sarcoma named.

Life

Until 1871 his last name was Kohn. In order not to be confused with the many Kohn in Viennese medicine, after his marriage to Martha von Hebra (1869) and his conversion from the Jewish to the Catholic faith at the age of 34, he changed his surname to Kaposi, based on his birthplace Kaposvár on the Kapos River .

Kaposi came from a poor but educational home and went first to the Jewish elementary school in Kaposvàr, where he was born, and later to high school. In 1856 he began studying medicine at the University of Vienna , which he completed with a doctorate in 1861 . In his habilitation thesis Dermatology and Syphilis, which he presented in 1866, he recommended himself as a syphilidologist early on , so his teaching license was extended to include dermatology in 1874. In 1875 the University of Vienna appointed him associate professor . With his teacher, superior and father-in-law Ferdinand von Hebra , he wrote the textbook on skin diseases (1872–1876). In 1881, after von Hebra's death, Kaposi was appointed head of the University Clinic for Dermatology and Syphilidology at the General Hospital in Vienna. He was made a full professor seven years before his death . In 1882 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

In 1889 he was one of the founders of the German Dermatological Society with Joseph Doutrelepont , Edmund Lesser , Albert Neisser and Philipp Josef Pick .

Grave of the Kaposi family in the Dobling cemetery
Bust of Moriz Kaposi in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna

Kaposi died at the age of 64 from complications from two strokes. He is buried in the Döblinger Friedhof in Vienna.

In Vienna- Donaustadt (22nd district) Kaposigasse is named after him, as is the highest award of the Hungarian Dermatological Society.

In the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna - the university's hall of fame - there has been a bust of Kaposi since 1908, created by Johannes Benk , which was unveiled during Kaposi's lifetime. As part of “purges” by the National Socialists in early November 1938, ten sculptures by Jewish or supposedly Jewish professors in the arcade courtyard were overturned or smeared with paint in connection with the “ Langemarck Celebration ”. At this point in time, the acting rector Fritz Knoll had the Arkadenhof sculptures checked; on his instructions, fifteen monuments were removed and placed in a depot, including that of Moriz Kaposi. After the end of the war, all damaged and removed monuments were put back in the arcade courtyard in 1947.

Services

Kaposi published over 150 writings and several elementary textbooks. In 1876 the second part of the textbook on skin diseases appeared, most of which was written by Kaposi. It was followed in 1880 by his main work, the pathology and therapy of skin diseases in lectures for general practitioners and students. The hand atlas of skin diseases (1898–1900), provided with 242 chromolithographic plates, was a valuable aid for diagnosticians.

Connected to Salomon Stricker's pathology , Kaposi behaved reservedly towards the "aetiological awakening of the eighties". For a long time he was not aware of the bacteriology that was flourishing at the time and was later to revolutionize all pathology. Blind to the etiology, Kaposi was not convinced of the tuberculous nature of lupus vulgaris until very late , and he, the syphilidologist, also stopped in 1886 when the dermatologist Augusto Ducrey (1860–1940) had detected the causative agent of ulcus molle under the microscope, adhered to the unity doctrine of syphilis and had his pathology and therapy of syphilis based on it appear in the 2nd edition in 1891 .

Kaposi confessed to the positivism and realism of the "objective" factual medicine of Carl von Rokitanskys and Joseph Skodas . Appearing to the progressive laboratory physicians as a methodological conservatist, Moriz Kaposi firmly adhered to the guiding principle that shaped Viennese clinical medicine: "Clinical observation, the mastery of clinical material is the first goal to strive for at our school." Moritz Kaposi is one of the great nosologists of 19th century Viennese school.

Kaposi's great achievement is in the clinical field; he is considered one of the most virtuoso nosographers of the Viennese school. On the one hand, more precisely than its predecessors, it recorded known diseases such as B. the rhinoscleroma , on the other hand he described a whole series of skin diseases and treated them for the first time from a systematic point of view. These include diabetic and leukemic skin changes, xeroderma pigmentosum , syringoma and sarcoma mihi , as he called the multiple idiopathic pigment sarcoma he first described in 1872 .

Since the increased occurrence of Kaposi's sarcoma, especially among the Bantu in Uganda, was established in 1949, world interest has turned to research into this disease: a congress in Uganda in 1962 dealt exclusively with this problem; a symposium in the USA that took place in the same year was devoted to research into this disease, which at the time was still unclear in its etiology. The epidemiological link of Kaposi's sarcoma to HIV , as an "AIDS-associated tumor", was recognized in 1981, and the human herpes virus 8 was only described as a suspected trigger in 1994. An anamnestic relationship between the five classic case descriptions of Kaposi's 1872 and AIDS cannot be established.

Fonts

  • with Ferdinand von Hebra : Textbook of skin diseases. 2 volumes. Enke, Erlangen 1872/1876.
  • Pathology and therapy of skin diseases in lectures for general practitioners and students. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Vienna 1880; 5th edition 1899.
  • Pathology and therapy of syphilis (= German surgery. Vol. 11). 2 parts. Enke, Stuttgart 1881.
  • Hand atlas of skin diseases. 3 parts. Braumüller, Vienna 1898–1900.

literature

Web links

Commons : Moriz Kaposi  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Holubar: Kaposi, Moriz. In: Encyclopedia of Medical History. 2005, p. 717.
  2. a b c Sabine Schuchart: Moriz Kaposi recognized what goes on under the skin . Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2019, Volume 116, Issue 38 of September 20, 2019, page [48]
  3. Kaposi, Moriz. In: Peter Altmeyer : The online encyclopedia of dermatology, venereology, allergology and environmental medicine. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
  4. Kaposigasse, Vienna , Google Maps; Kaposigasse in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna , Viennese street names and their historical meaning, wien.gv.at, accessed on February 15, 2017.
  5. ^ Mitchell G. Ash, Josef Ehmer: University - Politics - Society . Vienna University Press, June 17, 2015, ISBN 978-3-8470-0413-4 , p. 118.
  6. Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Ducrey, Augusto. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 325.
  7. ^ Bernardino Fantini: Moritz Kaposi. In: Wolfgang U. Eckart , Christoph Gradmann (Hrsg.): Ärztelexikon. From antiquity to the present. 3. Edition. Springer Verlag, Heidelberg / Berlin / New York 2006, p. 189. Ärztelexikon 2006 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-540-29585-3 .