Alpine horn clover

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Alpine horn clover
Alpine horn clover (Lotus alpinus)

Alpine horn clover ( Lotus alpinus )

Systematics
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Loteae
Genre : Horn clover ( lotus )
Type : Alpine horn clover
Scientific name
Lotus alpinus
( DC. ) Sneak. ex Ramond

The Alpine-foot trefoil ( Lotus alpinus ) is a plant from the genus foot trefoil ( Lotus ) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae).

description

Stems with leaves and inflorescences
Zygomorphic flowers - calyx and crown are recognizable

Vegetative characteristics

The alpine horn clover is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 10 centimeters. The mostly lying to ascending stems are mostly bare.

The alternate arranged on the stem leaves are stalked short. The stipules are only tiny. The fingered leaf blade consists of three leaflets. With a length of 2 to 6, up to 10 millimeters and a width of 1.5 to 4 millimeters, the entire-margined leaflets are narrow-lanceolate to obovate or rounded with a rounded or bulged upper end. There are two minor leaflets per leaf blade , which are similar to the leaflets and thus it appears as if there are five leaflets.

Generative characteristics

The golden age ranges depending upon location from May to July until the late autumn . There is an inflorescence stem. The umbellate inflorescence contains only one to three, rarely up to four or five flowers.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The chalice is 6 to 7 millimeters long. The five calyx teeth are significantly shorter than the calyx tube. The yellow and often orange-red fading crown has the typical shape of the butterfly flower , is often red on the outside and is 14 to 18 millimeters long. The shuttle is curved upwards, beaked and the upper end is dark purple to reddish brown. The ten stamens are all fused together to form a tube except for the upper one.

The glabrous legume is straight, stem-round, 1.5 to 3 centimeters long and contains a few seeds.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 11 or 12.

Alpine mat together with the mountain timeless ( Colchicum montanum )

ecology

The alpine horn clover is a hemicryptophyte .

Occurrence

The alpine horn clover occurs in Spain , France , central and northern Sardinia , in Switzerland , Austria , Germany and in the former Yugoslavia and some authors give China as the place of discovery. When the Flora of China was compiled in 2010, no herbarium material was found that would confirm China as the location. In Europe, it thrives mainly in the Alps and Pyrenees .

In the Alps, the alpine horn clover thrives at higher altitudes at altitudes of mostly over 2000 meters. Locations are mostly rock rubble, alpine lawns, alpine meadows and snow valleys.

Taxonomy

It was first described in 1825 under the name ( Basionym ) Lotus corniculatus L. var. Alpinus DC. by Augustine Pyramus de Candolle in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis ... (DC.) , 2, page 214. The rank of a species Lotus alpinus (DC.) Schleich. ex Ramond acquired it in 1826 through Johann Christoph Schleicher in Louis François Elisabeth Ramond de Carbonnière : Mémoires du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris , 13, 10, page 275 received. A synonym for Lotus alpinus (DC.) Schleich. ex Ramond is Lotus flexuosus Desr. . The specific epithet alpinus means "from the Alps". Homonym is Lotus alpinus (Ser.) Schleich. ex Ramond .

proof

  • Lotus alpinus (DC.) Ramond, Alpine horn clover. In: FloraWeb.de.
  • Peter William Ball, Anna Chrtková-Žertová: Lotus L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al. (Ed.): Flora Europaea . tape 2 . Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 175 ( Lotus alpinus on p. 175 in the Google book search).
  • Wolfgang Lippert: Photo Atlas of Alpine Flowers : Flowering Plants of the Eastern and Western Alps - the large identification book in color - GU Photo Atlas, Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7742-3427-2 , Lotus alpinus number 176, pp. 66 and 170 .
  • WF Grant, E. Small: The origin of the Lotus corniculatus (Fabaceae) complex: a synthesis of diverse evidence. In: Canadian Journal of Botany , Volume 74, 1996, pp. 975-989.
  • Tatiana E. Kramina, Galina V. Degtjareva, Tahir H. Samigullin, Carmen M. Valiejo-Roman, Joseph H. Kirkbride Jr., Sergei Volis, Tao Deng, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Phylogeny of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae): Partial incongruence between nrITS and plastid markers and biogeographic implications. In: Taxon , Volume 65, October 2016, pp. 997-1018. doi : 10.12705 / 655.4

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Lotus alpinus (DC.) Ramond, Alpen-Hornklee. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Wolfgang Lippert: Photo Atlas of Alpine Flowers : Flowering Plants of the Eastern and Western Alps - the large identification book in color - GU photo atlas , Gräfe and Unzer, Munich 1981, ISBN 3-7742 -3427-2 , Lotus alpinus number 176, pp. 66 and 170.
  3. ^ A b c d e f Karlheinz Senghas, Siegmund Seybold: Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated. Founded by Otto Schmeil, Jost Fitschen. 91st revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2000, ISBN 3-494-01291-1 , p. 275.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g Lotus alpinus (DC.) Ramond In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Peter William Ball, Anna Chrtková-Žertová: Lotus L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin et al. (Ed.): Flora Europaea . tape 2 . Cambridge University Press, 1968, pp. 175 ( Lotus alpinus on p. 175 in the Google book search).
  6. ↑ Lotus alpinus at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ a b c Lotus alpinus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved October 31, 2018.
  8. ↑ a b Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
  9. ↑ Zhi Wei, Tatiana E. Kramina, Dmitry D. Sokoloff: Loteae. : Lotus Linnaeus , pp. 316–319 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Fabaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 .
  10. ↑ a b Lotus alpinus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 31, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Alpen-Hornklee ( Lotus alpinus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files