Ludwig Snell (politician)
Ludwig Snell (born April 6, 1785 in Idstein in the Principality of Nassau-Usingen ; † July 5, 1854 in Küsnacht ZH ) was a radical-liberal politician, constitutional lawyer, publicist and educator of the 19th century in Switzerland .
biography
Ludwig Snell was the son of a high school principal and studied theology with his older brother Wilhelm Snell at the University of Giessen from 1803 to 1806 . He then worked first as a private tutor and parish vicar, then as a teacher at the Idstein grammar school, which was headed by his father Christian Wilhelm Snell († 1834). When he moved the grammar school to Weilburg, he lost his position because of his membership in the German Society, which was inspired by Ernst Moritz Arndt , and alleged contacts with the Blacks in Giessen . In 1817 Snell was appointed rector of the Wetzlar grammar school by the Prussian government .
An appointment to the University of Dorpat failed in 1818 because the mail in question was inadvertently sent to his brother Wilhelm Snell, who took the position. In 1820 Ludwig Snell was suspended in the context of the so-called "demagogue incitement" without any specific accusations or a procedure with full salary and finally released in 1824 during a trip to England for "unauthorized removal". The actions of the Prussian state were probably related to the assassination attempt by Karl Löning, who was friends with the Snell family, on Carl Friedrich Emil von Ibell . This affair also cost Wilhelm Snell his job in Dorpat and he had to flee to Basel.
In 1827 Ludwig Snell moved to his brother Wilhelm, who had held a professorship in Basel since 1821 . He completed his habilitation and worked as a private lecturer at the University of Basel and began to publish writings on various topics. He frequented radical-liberal circles and his fundamental publications on liberal core issues, especially the freedom of the press in 1829, made him known throughout Switzerland as a liberal thinker ( → History of Switzerland in the Restoration Period ). He was considered the “most dangerous troublemaker in Switzerland”. After the outbreak of the July Revolution in Paris in 1830, Snell published the " Memorial von Küsnacht ", a draft for a liberal constitution for the canton of Zurich, and later the demands of the Memorial of Uster (→ Ustertag ), which made him a pioneer of liberal regeneration in Zurich has been. In 1831 he received the citizenship of Küsnacht ZH and took over the editing of the newly founded liberal newspaper " Schweizerischer Republikaner " and made it the most important mouthpiece of the liberal movement in Switzerland. As a publicist and politician in Zurich, where he sat on the Grand Council, Snell was one of the most important liberal politicians in Switzerland during these years. He and his also radical liberal brother and their supporters were jokingly referred to as the "Snellen", alluding to their will to reform. In Zurich in 1832, together with Johann Caspar von Orelli and David Ulrich, he laid the foundation stone for modern education with an elementary school, cantonal school and university, where he was professor for the history of philosophy.
After the implementation of the liberal constitution in Zurich, Ludwig Snell devoted himself to the liberal cause at the national level and was one of the most vehement advocates for federal reform and became the most important theoretician of the liberal party in Switzerland. He also supported the landscape of the canton of Basel in their struggle against the domination of the city and campaigned against conservative political Catholicism (→ ultramontanism ) with journalistic means . In 1834, Snell was appointed to the University of Bern as the first professor of political science and became politically active there for the radical-liberal National Party, but in 1836 he was wrongly suspected of being connected with the Young Switzerland movement , resigned his professorship and became the Banned from Canton Bern. Snell moved back to Eastern Switzerland and devoted himself again to constitutional law and especially to the relationship between church and state. His handbook of Swiss constitutional law in two volumes from this period is the most important publication on the cantonal and federal constitution before 1848.
In March 1839, Ludwig Snell took over the editing of the Swiss Republican again, which he had resigned in 1834, and thus became the center of the opposition liberal movement in Zurich on the occasion of the conservative overthrow in the Zurich coup in September 1839. The liberal turnaround in the elections of 1842 was due not least to his efforts. In the same year Snell resigned the editorial office of the Republican and devoted himself again to national politics. He took a pointed position in favor of the abolition of the monastery in Aargau , against the appointment of the Jesuits to Lucerne, and campaigned with his brother Wilhelm Snell for federal reform. In 1842 he received late satisfaction for his unjustified dismissal from the Prussian civil service in Wetzlar when, after King Friedrich Wilhelm IV ascended to the throne, the authorities of the Rhine Province decided to award him a pension. In 1852, however, this was deleted just as arbitrarily.
Snell died penniless in Küsnacht on July 5, 1854, where a memorial in his honor was inaugurated on the lake that same year. A path was also named after him there.
Fonts
- Outline of the History of Ancient Philosophy (1819)
- Brief outline of the constitution of the grammar school in Wetzlar (1819)
- On popular education in England (1828)
- About the Rigi (Morgenblatt 1829)
- Across the Reußthal and Gotthardstrasse (Morgenblatt 1829)
- On the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Swiss governments (Darmstädter Allgemeine Kirchenzeitung 1828)
- Insulting the introduction of freedom of the press in Switzerland and legal provisions governing the press (Zurich 1829)
- Memorial von Küsnach [t] / Views and suggestions on the constitution and its amendment (1830)
- Illumination of the Swiss aristocrats, with a view to Dr. Casimir Pfyffer's acclamation to the federal suburb (1830)
- Draft of a constitution based on the pure and genuine representative system that knows no privileges and exemptions, but is based on democracy (Basel 1831)
- Documented pragmatic narrative of the new church changes, as well as the progressive usurpations of the Roman Curie in Catholic Switzerland until 1830 (Sursee 1833)
- The violated international law in the Swiss Confederation or considerations about the unjust note demands, together with an exact copy of the official minutes of the negotiations on this subject on July 22, 24 and 29. (Zurich 1834)
- The significance of the struggle between liberal Catholic Switzerland and the Roman Curia, viewed from a general survey of the tendencies of the restored papacy (Solothurn 1839)
- Handbook of Swiss Constitutional Law, 2 vol. (1839–45)
- Vol. 1: Federal law in five books (Zurich 1837)
- Vol. 2: Cantonal state law, first division containing the constitutions of the thirteen old cantons (Zurich 1844)
- Vol. 2: Cantonal state law, second division containing the constitutions of the cantons of St. Gallen, Graubünden, Aargau, Thurgau, Ticino, Vaud, Valais, Neuchâtel and Geneva
- Spirit of the new elementary school in Switzerland, along with the hopes that the philanthropist and fatherland friend draw from it (St. Gallen 1840)
- On the current situation in Switzerland and its dangers (1844)
- The events in the canton of Valais. Translation of the text "La contre-révolution en Valais, au mois du mai 1844 by M. Maurice Barmann" with notes. In addition to a historical introduction and a final consideration by Dr. Ludwig Snell (Zurich / Winterthur 1844)
- The Jesuits and Ultramontanism in Switzerland from 1798–1845 (1846) (first published in the Allgemeine Hallische Litteraturzeitung)
- History of the introduction of the Nunciature in Switzerland and its stated policy in authentic files (Baden 1847)
- The guiding points of view for a Swiss federal reform, communicated by the Central Committee of the Swiss People's Association (1848), with Wilhelm Snell
- Pragmatic presentation of ecclesiastical events in Catholic Switzerland from the Swiss Revolution to the present. A contribution to the church history of the XIX. Century. With an introductory description of the ecclesiastical conditions in Catholic Switzerland from the earliest times to the Helvetic, 2 vols. (Mannheim 1850), with Chr. W. Glück and A. Henne
- Wilhelm Snell's life and work, dedicated by some friends of the deceased (1851)
literature
- Katja Hürlimann: Snell, Ludwig. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Snell, Ludwig. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2010,ISBN 978-3-428-11205-0, p. 515 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Otto Hunziker : Snell, Ludwig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 34, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1892, pp. 508-512.
- Gottfried Guggenbühl : Ludwig Snell, 1785–1854: Commemorative speech on the hundredth anniversary of his death . Stäfa / Zurich: Good 1954.
- "Ludwig Snell". In: Historisch-Biographisches Lexikon der Schweiz , Vol. 6, Neuchâtel 1931, pp. 390f.
- Anton Scherer: Ludwig Snell and Swiss radicalism 1830–1850 . (Journal of Swiss Church History, Supplement 12). Freiburg: University Press 1954.
- Stefan G. Schmid: "Ludwig Snell - a revolutionary in Küsnacht: commemorative speech on the 150th anniversary of the death of the author of the Küsnachter Memorial" ". In: Küsnachter Jahrheft , vol. 45 (2005), pp. 67–75.
- Heinrich Stiefel: Dr. Ludwig Snell's life and work, a contribution to the history of regenerated Switzerland, edited from the papers and writings left by the deceased by a younger friend of the same . Zurich 1858.
Web links
- Overview of the courses given by Ludwig Snell (politician) at the University of Zurich (summer semester 1833 to summer semester 1834)
Remarks
- ↑ Michael Silnizki: History of the learned law in Russia. Jurisprudence at the Universities of the Russian Empire 1700-1835 . (Ius Comune, Studies on European Legal History, 97 Frankfurt am Main 1997, p. 215f.)
- ^ Ferdinand Strobel : The Jesuits and Switzerland in the XIX. Century, A contribution to the genesis of the Swiss federal state . Olten / Freiburg i.Br. 1954, p. 130.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Snell, Ludwig |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | liberal Swiss publicist and politician |
DATE OF BIRTH | April 6, 1785 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Idstein |
DATE OF DEATH | July 5, 1854 |
Place of death | Küsnacht ZH |