Ludwig von Löhner

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Ludwig von Löhner, lithograph by Eduard Kaiser , 1848

Ludwig Edler von Löhner , until 1836 Ludwig Löhner (born September 24, 1812 in Rostok , Bohemia , † May 7, 1852 in Marseille ) was an Austrian doctor and poet . During the revolution , von Löhner represented the interests of the Germans in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. As a member of the Reichstag , he was the spokesman for the German left between 1848 and 1849. He published his poems under the pseudonyms Ludwig von Morajn and Ludwig Rehland .

Live and act

Löhner came from a Styrian exile family who settled in Bohemia during the Thirty Years' War and later converted to Catholicism there. He was the only son of the Bohemian state lawyer and owner of the Rostok estate , Joseph Löhner , who had been raised to the hereditary nobility in 1836. His mother Franziska was a daughter of the lawyer Josef von Mader .

He first studied law at the Karl Ferdinand University in Prague. After differences with the professor of Roman and Canon Law Joseph Helfert , Löhner switched to the medical field and continued his studies in Vienna and Padua. In 1836 von Löhner took over the management of the Rostok estate for his sick father. His father died the following year. At the beginning of 1839 the paternal model estate Rostok was assigned to him in the land table. Since Löhner had little interest in the economy , he sold his father's Rostok estate on January 30, 1839 to the Prague citizen Joseph Leder and his wife Anna, née Geřabek. After his doctorate as Dr. med. From 1840 he practiced as a secondary doctor at the General Hospital in Vienna and later opened a practice as a doctor for the poor in the suburb of Rossau .

Von Löhner made his first political appearance in October 1847 with a widely acclaimed lecture at the Juridisch-Politischer Leseverein , in which he announced the change in the political situation in Western and Central Europe. After the February Revolution in Paris, von Löhner initiated a call on March 1, 1848 for the unification of citizens and estates to overthrow the system. On March 13, 1848, von Löhner gave a speech to doctors in Vienna, in which he swore the participants to the mission of Vienna to complete the political revolution. After two Czech delegations from the Kingdom of Bohemia presented a reorganization of the country to the Viennese court, von Löhner took the initiative against the increasing Czech national aspirations and founded the Association of Germans from Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia in Vienna to maintain their nationality , the the aim was to protect the interests of the Germans and u. a. sought to participate in the elections to the National Assembly and organized protest actions by the Germans in Bohemia. On behalf of the association, von Löhner successfully sued the Council of Ministers against the constitutional promise made in the Bohemian Charter of April 8, 1848, which was then not taken into account in the Pillersdorf constitution . The association gained strong popularity and became the dominant political force in the German-speaking areas of the Kingdom of Bohemia; 74 branch associations were set up within a very short time. This success gave rise to the renaming of the Association of Germans in Austria , which also took on the representation of the interests of the German-speaking population in the crown lands of Galicia , Dalmatia and Bukovina , which are not part of the German Confederation . In 1848, Ludwig von Löhner was elected to the National Assembly in the Rumburg constituency and to the Reichstag in the Saaz constituency, although he waived the Frankfurt mandate.

In the Vienna Reichstag, von Löhner, who was a brilliant rhetorician and viewed Germanness as a guarantee for the freedom of all nationalities, gave poetic speeches with the representatives of the Slavic side. Within the German MPs, von Löhner became the spokesman for the left. Because of the impending civil war, von Löhner, who had hitherto strictly rejected the same aspirations by the Czechs and Poles, advocated federalism for Hungary in September 1848. Before that, on August 26, 1848 in Teplitz, at a shop stewards' congress, he obtained approval for his vision of transforming Austria into a national federation without Hungary, in which circles were to replace the previous crown lands.

The failure of the Frankfurt National Assembly in the national unity of Germany and the bloody suppression of the Vienna October Uprising , during which Löhner had unsuccessfully mediated between the fronts, prompted a rethinking of his views on federalism. Von Löhner now campaigned for an understanding with the moderate Slavic bourgeoisie and proposed the establishment of the equal states of German Austria, Czech Austria, Polish Austria and Slovenian Austria. The plans together with the ideas of Matija Kavčič and František Palacký formed the basis of the Kremsier draft . This rethinking triggered opposition in von Löhner's German national environment. Von Löhner only took part in the Kremsier Reichstag sporadically because of a serious lung disease, since he saw his visions of freedom as failed and suspected a coup. He first traveled to Frankfurt to find out about the status of the National Assembly on site. From there he returned to Vienna a broken man. Here and in Baden he then lived as a private citizen. In 1851 he traveled alone to Italy to cure his tuberculosis and migrated from Venice via Pisa and Nice to Marseille, where he died.

family

He married Natalie Mayer von Alsó-Rußbach (1821–1899). The couple had several children including:

Publications

  • Analogia morborum cum organismis , 1838.
  • Ludwig von Morajn: Poems , A. Duncker, Berlin 1848.
  • Speeches given at the Austrian constituent Reichstag, Jasper Huegel and Manz, Vienna 1850.
  • Boyar and gypsy , drama.

literature

personal data
SURNAME Löhner, Ludwig von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Löhner, Ludwig Edler von (full name); Morajn, Ludwig von (pseudonym); Rehland, Ludwig (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian doctor, poet and politician
DATE OF BIRTH September 24, 1812
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostok , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH May 7, 1852
Place of death Marseille