Mýtina

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Mýtina
Mýtina does not have a coat of arms
Mýtina (Czech Republic)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : Czech RepublicCzech Republic Czech Republic
Region : Karlovarský kraj
District : Cheb
Municipality : Lipová
Area : 1469 ha
Geographic location : 50 ° 0 '  N , 12 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 50 ° 0 '9 "  N , 12 ° 26' 39"  E
Height: 506  m nm
Residents : 23 (2011)
Postal code : 350 02
License plate : K
traffic
Street: Lipová - Mýtina

Mýtina , until 1948 Starý Albenreuth (German Altalbenreuth ) is a district of Lipová in Okres Cheb in the Czech Republic .

geography

Mýtina is located about 13 kilometers southeast of Eger near the German border in the foothills of the Tillenberg forest .

history

The village of Albenreuth is documented in 1138 as "Albrechtsreuth", 1248 as "Albernrewt" and 1316 as "Altenalbernrewt" and 1381 as "Alten Albenreuth", was located in the judicial district of Frais in Nordgau (Bavaria) , in what would later become Upper Palatinate . In documents before the year 1147, the beginning of the reign of the Staufer in Eger ( Cheb ), it is not possible to differentiate which of the two later places Altalbenreuth and Neualbenreuth could be meant.

In 1248 the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg donated the village of Albernrewt to the Waldsassen monastery . Since Neualbenreuth is already included in a parish register from 1286, it had apparently gained in importance. When the Waldsassen Monastery acquired the castle, which later became Hardeck Castle and the associated property, the village of Altalbenreuth also belonged to the acquired area. In 1346 the Eger patrician Niklas Einsiedler bought the entire area on the Egerland and Stiftland side . A frequent change of ownership of the owners in Albenreuth from the families of the imperial city of Eger followed with ownership in the so-called Frais area .

The oldest verifiable peasant family names of Altalbenreuth contain the muster book of the Egerland peasantry from the year 1395. In 1424 an army group of the Hussites attacked the Frais places during the siege of Eger and also plundered Altalbenreuth. In the 15th century, the Lamminger family became a feudal lord in Albenreuth, received the aristocratic title of Albenreuth after this place , got into disputes with the city council of Eger, achieved the dignity of barons and counts and was named with Wolf Maximilian Laminger von Albenreuth (1634– 1696) on a legendary figure of the Chods . When the Schirnding family, patricians in Eger, acquired Altalbenreuth in 1497 , the search for gold began with some success in the vicinity of Ernestgrün and through gold washing in Muglbach . The mining of iron was more successful with the emergence of iron hammers in the area between Alt- and Neualbenreuth. A sour well, the border of which shows the year 1693, was used as a healing spring.

Altalbenreuth was a mixed village, that is, the peasants paid (fraisten) and robots for different masters to whom they were subordinate . Serfdom was lifted in 1849. Altalbenreuth had 19 houses and 98 inhabitants in 1845. From the decaying castle of the Schirndinger , located in Altalbenreuth since 1497, the courtyard no. 13 was probably built; In 1837, the then farm owner Michael Frank had a chapel built next to the farm, which still exists today, was used as a stable and was renovated in 2002. Until 1815 the children of Altalbenreuth attended the elementary school in Neualbenreuth; In 1847 a separate school building was built for the towns of Altalbenreuth, Boden and Gosel. The municipality of Altalbenreuth was founded through an administrative reform in 1850 and included the villages of Boden, Gosel, Ober- and Unterlindau, Ulrichsgrün and Taubrath, the municipality being part of the judicial district of Eger in the Eger district . In 1857 Altalbenreuth, Boden and Gosel were separated from the parish of Neualbenreuth and came to the parish of Altkinsberg, whose parish church was the pilgrimage church of Maria Loreto. In 1939 the community received a registry office for legally valid notarizations of birth, marriage and death and belonged to the Reichsgau Sudetenland . Before the Second World War , more than 800 people lived in the village, almost exclusively Germans, who were expropriated after the Second World War on the basis of the Beneš decrees in 1945 and who were mostly accepted as expellees in the Upper Palatinate .

At the end of the Second World War, Eger and the Egerland and with it Altalbenreuth was briefly occupied by American troops in May 1945 and handed over to advancing Soviet occupation troops in November.

Due to its geographical proximity to the border to Bavaria, Altalbenreuth was in the time of the Cold War in the strictly guarded border strip of the Iron Curtain called the border strip to the American occupation zone in Germany. In order to maintain a clear field of fire, over 90% of the buildings in Altalbenreuth, which was now called Mytina in the Czech language, were demolished. The remaining buildings are in a desolate condition and are only partially inhabited. During the Cold War , a now abandoned and dilapidated barracks for border guards was built in the village. In 1991 the place had 18 inhabitants. In 2001 the village consisted of 11 houses in which 16 people lived.

Local division

The district Mýtina consists of the basic settlement units Kozly ( Gosel ), Mýtina, Mýtina I and Oldřichov ( Ulrichsgrün ). Mýtina also includes the desert of Boden .

The district is divided into the cadastral districts Kozly u Lipové, Mýtina, Mýtina I and Oldřichov u Lipové.

Culture and sights

In 1990 the border crossing to Neualbenreuth was reopened. South of the village, near the path to the crossing, is the Eisenbühl nature reserve with the former volcano Železná hůrka (German: Eisenbühl ) at 591 meters . The best way to get to Železná hůrka is from the Bavarian side. The path branches off to the left, in the immediate vicinity of the pedestrian border crossing Neualbenreuth, into a ravine from the main path that used to lead to the village of the submerged village of Boden.

literature

  • Altalbenreuth, in: Heimatkreis Eger, history of a German landscape in documentaries and memories. Publisher: Egerer Landtag e. V. Heimatverband für Eger Stadt und Land, Amberg in der Oberpfalz, 1981, pages 295 and 296 with an overview plan of the place before 1945 and the names of the house owners.
  • Altalbenreuth / Mytina, in: Monuments in Egerland, with the participation of the State Archives in Cheb / Eger under J. Bohac as well as Viktor Baumgarten, Roland Fischer, Erich Hammer, Ehrenfried John and Heribert Sturm , edited by Lorenz Schreiner , 2004 Amberg in the Upper Palatinate. Page 556.
  • Heinrich Gradl : The parish of Albenreuth. A part of a local history of the Egerland, in: Egerer Jahrbuch 16 (1893), 113.
  • Heribert Sturm : Nordgau - Egerland - Upper Palatinate, 1984, texts on Landgraves von Leuchtenberg and Albenreuth, available online.

Individual evidence

  1. Základní sídelní jednotky , uir.cz
  2. Katastrální území , uir.cz