Mainzlar Church

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View from the southwest
South portal

The Evangelical Lutheran Mainzlar Church in Mainzlar, Hesse, in the municipality of Staufenberg , district of Gießen , was built in the first half of the 12th century and is one of the oldest preserved churches in the district. Over the centuries, the Hessian cultural monument was rebuilt several times, but the basic substance was retained.

history

Pietra Rasa plaster

The chapel was built around 1100 as a branch to the Kirchberger Sendkirche and served pastoral care ("cura animarum"). Its origins possibly go back to the Carolingian period, as remains of Roman ashlar plaster ( Pietra Rasa ) have been preserved. It belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Stephan in the Archdiocese of Mainz . The church was closed in the east by a rectangular or square choir and originally had an open roof structure with a slope of 39–40 °. Around 1337 the chapel received a steeper rafter roof in the Gothic style , on which a roof turret was probably attached. The timbers used for the entablature were dendrochronologically dated to around 1100. According to a Kirchberger Salbuch , the choir fell into disrepair in the 1560s. The ridge turret was built around 1615 and probably replaced in place of an older one.

During the Thirty Years War the church suffered severe damage from the Swedes in 1646. As a result, the missing rectangular choir was removed and the triumphal arch was walled up. The repairs were not completed until 1654. In the late 18th or early 19th century, the small round-arched Romanesque windows were enlarged by today's rectangular windows. In the course of this, the door was given its present shape with a straight lintel. The west gable was probably redone in 1875.

Redesigns of the interior took place in the years 1890 to 1892 and 1976.

The restoration of the church in the 1990s was prepared through a careful inventory, photogrammetry of the masonry, inspection and evaluation of the archival material, photo documentation and dendrochronological examinations of the roof structure. A Free Institute for Building Research and Documentation eV founded in 1991 was responsible for the work report. In 1993/1994 the east choir was reconstructed, the walling of the triumphal arch and the east window were removed and the church was comprehensively renovated.

architecture

South side

The small, roughly east-facing hall church on a rectangular floor plan is on the edge of a terrace that was laid out in the 19th century. In the east, the church is closed off by a drawn-in, longitudinally rectangular new choir. The walls are made of red sandstone quarry stone in horizontal layers. On the north side, an intermediate layer of slanted, slab-like stones is built up in pietra rasa plaster in accordance with Roman wall technology. It is, so to speak, half an Opus spicatum . Other peculiarities of the north wall are that it is listed thinner than the rest of the old walls and that it is slightly curved inward. The corner blocks are made of gray sandstone. On the eastern gable side of the hall church, two wedge-shaped wall remains in the form of buttresses have been preserved, which are included in the rectangular choir extension and emphasized by glass surfaces attached above. A threshold of a portal connects to the southern stump of the wall, which the priest used as an entrance to the choir. In addition, the imprint of the old choir roof has been preserved in the plastering of the east gable.

The interior is lit on the south side through two large, rectangular, baroque-style windows with sandstone walls and accessed through a rectangular portal with non- profiled walls under the left south window. A small rectangular window from the first half of the 14th century is embedded in the eastern gable triangle, and a slightly larger one in the western gable triangle. Otherwise, both sides as well as the north side are windowless. In addition to the two glass surfaces above the remains of the old wall, the choir extension receives light from a narrow, eastern lead glass window .

The steep gable roof has an eight-sided ridge turret with a Welschen hood , which is crowned by a tower button and cross. The two long sides and the east gable still largely have the first Rasa Pietra plaster on the outside , which simulates ashlar work by means of grouting. This plaster is partly still on the inner walls and is attached to the area of ​​the current roof, which indicates the open roof structure. The two second spoils used in the roof also speak for an originally open roof construction.

Furnishing

Interior to the east
Choir arch with a view into the ship

The interior is closed off by a flat slab that rests on a longitudinal girder. The octagonal support post with decorative supports dates from the renovation in 1337. The round triumphal arch from Romanesque times was recognizable as a niche with a window until 1993. It has a width of 2.31 meters. The transom profiles are extended outwards and decorated on the bevel with four protruding hemispheres. Since 1994 it has granted access to the modern choir extension.

The grooved altar plate is from ancient times, but was later reduced in size (1.25 × 0.60 × 0.19 meters). There is a wooden crucifix on it . At least parts of the wooden, polygonal pulpit, which was made in 1892, date from the 17th century. The three pulpit fields are coffered with profiled rectangles. The pulpit rests on a hexagonal post, which is decorated with two curved arches. The parish chair with openwork latticework in the southeast corner covers the pulpit staircase.

In the northeast corner is the cup-shaped, octagonal baptismal font made of red sandstone. The stalls were created in 1892/1893. At the same time, the galleries on the north and west sides were renewed with coffered parapets that rest on clad cast-iron columns. A staircase in the southwest corner enables access.

organ

Oberlinger organ

The community acquired an organ positive from Oberlinger with seven registers only late in 1975 . The pedal-less instrument is to the left of the triumphal arch on the north gallery. It has several split registers. The disposition is:

Manual C – f 3
Gedackt B / D 8th'
Viol (from c 1 ) 8th'
Principal D 4 ′
Reed flute B / D 4 ′
Principal 2 ′
Sesquialtera II D
Cimbel II

Peal

The roof turret houses a three-way ring with bells from 1633, 1949 and 1972 in the tones e 2 -g 2 -b 2 (double third / tritone ). The oldest and smallest was cast by Georg Schirnbein in 1633. A larger bell with a diameter of 0.54 meters and the inscription "1733 GOS MICH JOHAN PHILIPS HENSCHEL IN GISEN" had to be handed in during the Second World War . It was replaced in 1949 by a new casting by the Rincker brothers and in 1972 a third bell was added by Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock .

No.
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Chime
 inscription
  		image
 
1 1972 Petit & Gebr. Edelbrock , Gescher e 2 " 1000 YEARS OF MAINZLAR - IN MEMORY AND GLORY TO GOD " Mainzlar church bell 2.jpg
2 1949 Gebr. Rincker , Sinn g 2 " I WANT TO SING OF THE GRACE OF THE LORD " Mainzlar church bell 3.jpg
3 1633 Georg Schirnbein, Marburg 490 b 2 " ANNO 1633 GEORG SCHERNBEIN GOS MICH ZV MARPVRG " Mainzlar church bell 1.jpg

literature

  • Elmar Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. In: Volker Hess, Gerhard Felde: Daubringen - Mainzlar. Traces of the history of two Upper Hesse villages and their people. City of Staufenberg, Staufenberg 1993, ISBN 3-9803410-0-3 , pp. 159-172.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I. Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 604.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt. (Hassia sacra; 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, p. 263 f.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen III. The communities of Allendorf (Lumda), Biebertal, Heuchelheim, Lollar, Staufenberg and Wettenberg. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 3-8062-2179-0 , p. 257.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 1. Northern part. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1938, p. 292 f.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 128 f.

Web links

Commons : Mainzlarer Kirche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 257.
  2. ^ Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. 1993, p. 171 ( construction phase III , viewed January 7, 2014).
  3. ^ Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. 1993, p. 171 ( construction phase IV , seen January 7, 2014).
  4. ↑ Building history , as seen on January 7, 2014.
  5. ^ Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. 1993, p. 159.
  6. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 128 f.
  7. ↑ a b Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. 1993, p. 160 ( construction phase I , viewed January 7, 2014).
  8. ^ Altwasser: The building history of the church in Mainzlar. 1993, p. 161 ( construction phase I , viewed January 7, 2014).
  9. ^ Dehio: Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hessen I. 2008, p. 604.
  10. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 292.
  11. ^ Franz Bösken, Hermann Fischer: Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine. Vol. 3: Former province of Upper Hesse (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history 29.2 . Part 2 (M – Z)). Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1331-5 , p. 634 .
  12. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1938, p. 293.
  13. ^ Weyrauch: The churches of the old district Gießen. 1979, p. 129.

Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 39.3 "  N , 8 ° 44 ′ 29.2"  E