Malwa Nojewna Landa

Malwa Nojewna Landa ( Russian Мальва Ноевна Ланда ; born August 4, 1918 in Odessa ; † July 3, 2019 in Haifa ) was a Soviet - Russian geologist and human rights activist .

Life

Landa's father was the veterinarian Noi Viktorovich Landa (1887-1938), who was a lecturer at the Moscow Veterinary Institute and in 1926 professor and head of the chair of pathological anatomy at the Saratov Veterinary Institute . He was arrested in autumn 1932 and released in May 1933 after imprisonment in a Stalingrad prison and torture . In 1938 he was arrested again and shot. Malwa Landa attended secondary school in Saratov and was then the daughter of an enemy of the people .

Landa studied geology from 1940 to 1945 at the Moscow Institute for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), named after Sergo Ordzhonikidze . She then worked as a geologist. 1945–1963 she worked on geological expeditions. In the 1950s she headed a working group for the MGRI's Qaratau expedition. 1963-1973 she was an employee of the Aerogeologitscheski Trust . In 1973 she retired.

1971–1980, Landa wrote numerous articles about political prisoners for the Chronicles of Current Events . She was one of the founding members of the Moscow Helsinki Group, founded in 1976 . On the day after Alexander Ilyich Ginsburg's arrest in February 1977, Landa became administrators of the new Solzhenitsyn Support Fund for political prisoners, along with Kronid Arkadyevich Ljubarsky and Tatyana Sergeyevna Chodorowitsch . After a fire in her room, she was sentenced to high compensation and two years in banishment for negligence in May 1977. Their place of exile was the village of Vershina Shakhtama near Shelopugino in the Transbaikalia region . After eight months, she was given an amnesty , but was not allowed to return to Moscow, so she settled in Petushki 120 km from Moscow. She continued her human rights work and dedicated herself particularly to the persecuted religious minorities in the USSR .

In the spring of 1979, Radio Svoboda presented Landas reports in a broadcast on the 1977 terror series in Moscow, according to which the KGB's charges against the Armenian nationalists Satikyan, Stepanjan and Bagdasarjan had been falsified. She did not accept the proposal of the Soviet authorities to emigrate to Israel .

On 7 March 1980 Landa was arrested and convicted of false anti-Soviet and socially hostile about five years of exile for spreading, they in the village Schesdy in the Oblast jezkazgan spent. Although the dissolution of the Moscow Helsinki Group had been announced after the mass arrests in 1982, Landa continued to describe himself to the authorities as a member of the Moscow Helsinki Group. In 1984 she was able to return from exile.

Landa continued her human rights activities. In particular, she criticized the Chechen war . In 1995 she became a columnist for the human rights activist magazine. In March 2010 she signed the opposition appeal Putin must go !

Landa was married to the hydrochemist Alexei Ivanovich Germanow (1915-1998), with whom she had their son Alexei. They separated when the son was little.

In 2015, Landa traveled to Israel to live with her son in Haifa.

Honors

• Order of the Vytis Cross (2003)

Web links

• Literature by and about Malwa Nojewna Landa in the bibliographic database WorldCat

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Radio Svoboda: Умерла ветеран советской и российской правозащиты Мальва Ланда (accessed February 15, 2020).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Воспоминания о Гулаге: Ланда Мальва Ноевна (р.1918) геолог, правозащитник (accessed February 15, 2020).
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Moscow Helsinki Group: Ланда Мальва Ноевна (accessed February 15, 2020).
4. ↑ Хроника текущих событий. Выпуск 44 от 16 марта 1977 г. (accessed on February 15, 2020).
5. ↑ Moscow Helsinki Group: Из воспоминаний Мальвы Ланды (accessed February 15, 2020).
6. ↑ 97-year-old is oldest person to make aliyah this year (accessed February 15, 2020).