Malxe

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Malxe
image
Data
Water code DE : 582622
location Niederlausitz , Germany
River system Oder (upper course), Elbe (lower course)
Drain over Lusatian Neisse  → Oder  → Baltic Sea
source on the high mountain near Döbern , Germany
Source height 130  m  meters above sea level. NN
muzzle Upper course near Forst (Lausitz) , Germany into the Lausitzer Neisse ; Lower course in the Spreewald into the Große Fließ and thus into the Spree Coordinates: 51 ° 51 ′ 11 ″  N , 14 ° 11 ′ 12 ″  E 51 ° 51 ′ 11 ″  N , 14 ° 11 ′ 12 ″  E

length 45 km
Discharge at the Mulknitz
A Eo gauge : 124 km²
Location: 500 m above the mouth 		NNQ (September 9, 1983)
MNQ 1978/1998
MQ 1978/1998
Mq 1978/1998
 MHQ 1978/1998
HHQ (August 12, 1984) 		7 l / s
101 l / s
458 l / s
3.7 l / (s km²)
 2.23 m³ / s
5.6 m³ / s

The Malxe ( Małksa in Lower Sorbian ) is originally a 45-kilometer long river in Niederlausitz , the upper reaches of which was separated from the lower reaches by the Jänschwalde open-cast mine in the 1980s . Currently, the name Malxe-Neisse Canal is entered in official maps for the entire upper course (including its natural parts).

course

It rises almost 130 m above sea level. NN at the foot of the Hohe Berg , the highest elevation of the Muskau fold , near Döbern . It is also popular with the Tzuschka (Buschgraben) and the Gusnitza from the Gosdaer Heide as well as from the Preschener Mühlbusch and the Preschener Quell. At Forst (Lausitz) it reaches the Baruther glacial valley 70 m above sea level. NN. As early as the 19th century, north of Forst, near the now incorporated villages of Bohrau and Briesnig, there was a connecting ditch from the Malxe to the Neisse . Since the natural course of the river was interrupted, all of the water in the upper reaches of the Neisse, which is only four kilometers away, has passed through this ditch.

Because of a natural bank wall created by sediments , the Malxe used to follow the Glogau-Baruther glacial valley northwest towards Peitz . The 22-kilometer-long lower course, which became independent through the Jänschwalde open-cast mine, begins near Heinersbrück a good 61 m above sea level. NN in the Vorspreewald . About 700 meters east of Fehrow the Malxe reaches the Oberspreewald , where it is 57 m above sea level with the Hammergraben (Goramśica) created in the 16th century . NN united to the Great River (Patšowina) . Its water is, depending on the need or the water level in the Spreewald, directed into the north floodwater , an artificial arm of the Spree , and fed to the original course via a culvert .

history

Historically, a significantly longer stretch of water was sometimes referred to as Malxe. On official maps, for example, the section between Fehrow and the junction in Pachovina (now also called “Großes Fliess”) and Moksche Broda (now “Nordfließ”) near Schmogrow was also called Malxe. In the literature of the 19th century there is even talk of a Malxe run along the northern edge of the Spreewald past Byhleguhre and Alt Zauche, which flowed into the Spree above Lübben and was also known as Mulke .

The groundbreaking ceremony took place on November 10, 2011, and with it the start of extensive earthworks for a natural relocation of the Malxe back to the area of ​​the former open-cast mining site, which is now a poured and compacted dump area . The first construction phase, around 650 meters long, began between Briesnig and Bohrau and will later end at Heinersbrück. Within ten years, the existing gap of around six kilometers should be closed and the connection between the upper and lower reaches restored.

Web links

Commons : Malxe  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Elbe Region, Part II 1998 Brandenburg State Environment Agency, p. 208, accessed on November 3, 2018, at: lugv.brandenburg.de (PDF, German, 5.55 MB).
  2. ↑ Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Course of the Malxe according to Geospatial services. Protected areas in Germany. Retrieved May 5, 2013 .
  3. ↑ BrandenburgViewer of the state survey and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB)
  4. ^ Ernst von Schönfeldt: The district of Cottbus with the Spreewald . Art print and publishing office, Magdeburg 1933, ISBN 978-3-938555-23-1 , p. 62 .
  5. ↑ Frank Fredrich: Control of the fish ascent on the culvert Großes Fließ in Burg / Spreewald. (PDF; 2.48 MB) March 25, 2010, p. 4 , accessed on May 22, 2017 .
  6. ^ Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Second volume, Brandenburg 1855, p. 75 ( digitized version )
  7. ↑ dapd: A new river bed is being designed at the Jänschwalde opencast mine. In: T-Online. Deutsche Telekom AG, November 10, 2011, accessed on May 5, 2013 .

swell

  • Topographic map 1: 100 000, sheet C 4350 Cottbus, Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg, ed. 1995 and 2004
  • Topographic map 1:25 000, sheet 4353 Döbern, Land Survey Office Brandenburg, 1st edition 1993
  • General map of the GDR, sheet 9, Mairs Geographischer Verlag, © VEB Tourist Verlag, 1986
  • Andrèes Weltatlas, Velhagen and Klasing, 1880