Manuel Bayeu

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Self-portrait of Manuel Bayeu (1796)

Manuel Bayeu y Subías (born January 8, 1740 in Saragossa , † 1809 ibid) was a Spanish painter , architect and Carthusian monk .

biography

Origin and youth

He belongs to a remarkable family of painters, which also included his brothers Francisco Bayeu (1734–1795) and Ramón Bayeu (1746–1793). Her sister, Josefa Bayeu, was married to Francisco de Goya (1746-1828) since 1773 . Manuel Bayeu was the fifth of nine children in the marriage of Ramón Bayeu Fanlo, an instrument maker for surgeons and hairdressers, and María Subías Domínguez. The day after he was born, he was baptized in La Seo Ward. He and his brother Francisco trained as a painter from around 1754 under José Luzán .

In 1755 and 1757, the father and mother died, leaving the Bayeu children in the care of the eldest brother, the young Francisco, who had to look after the orphaned younger siblings. Francisco received a scholarship from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando in Madrid and the whole family - including Manuel - followed him in April 1758. On October 6, 1758, Manuel and Ramón were also enrolled as students at the academy. But their training there did not last long: Francisco got into an argument with Antonio González Velázquez , which forced the family to return to Saragossa. Manuel Bayeu used models, sketches and works by his brother Francisco as templates, which he often copied and which served as a model, but also from Goya, whom he asked for templates shortly after his arrival in Madrid.

Entry into the order

The St. Bruno is Monk (Museum Huesca)

Manuel Bayeu joined the Order of the Carthusians on December 3, 1760 and became a monk on June 29, 1772. He spent most of his life in the Charterhouse de las Fuentes . He suffered from malaria , the flare-ups of which repeatedly impaired his quality of life.

In 1779 there was a conflict with several painters from Saragossa, who reported him for tax evasion while carrying out work: While they had to pay taxes, Manuel Bayeu was exempt from doing so due to his church status. He successfully escaped the conflict, and as a result he became better known as a painter. In the dispute, he received decisive support from the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando and was allowed to continue his painting career - also with the support of his prior .

In 1796 he was in Barcelona, ​​where he presented a self-portrait to the Catalan Art Museum . Also in the summer of 1796 he painted in the Carthusian monastery of Escala-Dei near Prades , which he may have done in 1794 or 1795. In 1796/1797 he painted a hall in the Royal Monastery of Santa María de Sigena in Villanueva de Sigena . He made “portraits” of all prioresses here as frescoes since the 14th century. This was done so that they looked like they had been painted on canvas. This work was destroyed by arson in July 1936. In 1797 he stayed with the Ric family for some time and made several portraits of family members who are now in their castle in Fonz .

In 1804, on the instructions of his superiors, Manuel Bayeu went to Mallorca , accompanied by his assistant Pedro Martínez, to make frescoes in the church of the rebuilt Carthusian monastery of Valldemossa . He painted five scenes from the life of Mary in the vault and dome of the church and in the chapter house. He worked on it in 1804 and 1805. In 1805 he made a series of paintings of religious content for the Betlem hermitage in Artá and in 1806 the Stations of the Cross for the La Trinidad hermitage in Valldemossa as well as various images of saints for private individuals. In Mallorca he befriended Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos , who was exiled there in the Castell de Bellver .

The date of Manuel Bayeu's death is unknown. But it is likely that he died in Zaragoza in 1809 during the second French siege.

plant

Own painting of the apse of the Cathedral of Jaca, built by Manuel Bayeu

Manuel Bayeu's work was sometimes rated rather critically, for example as "[...] extensive and mediocre paintings [...]" | ref = there are works by him

  • in the Charterhouse de las Fuentes , where he painted around 2000 square meters in the church, cloister, chapels and other rooms of the monastery from 1760–1796. The paintings he left here form the core of his work. At the end of the 1760s he began to paint the rooms of the Charterhouse, which he kept busy until 1796 - with interruptions;
  • in the cathedral of Huesca around 1792 a Saint Andrew
  • in the Church of Santa Cruz in Saragossa a Saint Victor of Asan and in other churches there
  • in Lalueza , where he painted the parish church of San Pedro Arbués from 1779–1787
  • In the Aula-Die Carthusian monastery in Saragossa, he furnished a number of chapels with oil paintings;
  • in the Royal Monastery of Santa María de Sigena in Villanueva de Sigena
  • in the Church of the Virgin of Magallón in Leciñena
  • in the Cathedral of Jaca , where he directed the construction of a new apse in 1791 and painted it in 1792;
  • in Catalonia in the Santa Maria d'Escaladei Charterhouse
  • in the Charterhouse of Valldemossa
  • in the castle of the Ric family in Fonz
  • in the museum of Huesca
  • in the Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya
  • at the museum in Zaragoza

literature

  • Gonzalo Gavín González: Comarca de Los Monegro . 2005. ISBN 84-7753-280-X
  • JL Morales y Marín: Los Bayeu . Instituto Camón Aznar, Zaragoza 1979.
  • A. Ansón Navarro: "Pintura y academicismo durante la segunda mitad del siglo xviii", en Las Artes Plásticas en Aragón durante el siglo xviii . Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza 1995, pp. 141-182.
  • JI Calvo Ruata: Cartas de fray Manuel Bayeu a Martín Zapater . Institución Fernando el Católico, Zaragoza 1996.
  • JI Calvo Ruata: Vida y obra del pintor fray Manuel Bayeu [summary of the doctoral theses]. In: Artigrama 13 (1998), pp. 450-456.
  • JL Arribas Salaberri: Las pinturas del Real Monasterio de Sijena y el cartujo Bayeu . Instituto de Estudios Ilerdenses, Lérida 1972.
  • Max von Boehn : Bayeu y Subías, Manuel . In: Ulrich Thieme , Felix Becker (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker. tape 3 : Bassano – Bickham . Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1909, p. 102 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).

Web links

Commons : Manuel Bayeu  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Pedro María Ric, María Francisca Ric and Miguel Ric y Ejea.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Arturo Ansón: Goya's family: forebears and offspring ; accessed on May 4, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Manuel Bayeu y Subías. In: Diccionario Biográfico Español. Real Academia de la Historia 2018.
  3. ↑ Max von Boehn : Bayeu y Subías, Manuel . In: Ulrich Thieme , Felix Becker (Hrsg.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker. tape 3 : Bassano – Bickham . Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1909, p. 102 ( Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  4. ↑ Inventory number: 024271-000.
personal data
SURNAME Bayeu, Manuel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bayeu y Subías, Manuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish painter, architect and Carthusian monk
DATE OF BIRTH January 8, 1740
PLACE OF BIRTH Zaragoza
DATE OF DEATH 1809
Place of death Zaragoza