Assumption of Mary (Pfreimd)
The Roman Catholic parish church of the Assumption is a Gothic, Baroque style hall church in Pfreimd in the district of Schwandorf in the administrative district of Upper Palatinate . It belongs to the parish of the Assumption of Mary in Pfreimd in the diocese of Regensburg and is of supraregional importance as a uniform spatial work of art characterized by the baroque renovation.
history
From 1216 the church belonged to an independent parish; until then she belonged to Perschen . According to contemporary sources, it was founded as a collegiate foundation. After it was destroyed by fire, a new building was built in 1481 under Landgrave Friedrich V. von Leuchtenberg in direct connection to the castle, which also served as a burial place for the Landgrave and was completed in 1515; the choir was built from 1513 onwards according to designs by the Amberg city architect Wolf Keul. The tower, which was built between 1576 and 1579, was dismantled down to the ground floor in 1654/1655.
Since 1670 there were plans for a new building due to the dilapidation of the church; Before Johann Schmuzer from Wessobrunn received the order, negotiations had already taken place with several master builders, including Pietro Spineta.
In the order it was agreed that the Gothic choir with the landgrave's burial place and the western gable wall of the nave should be retained; the size of the main room and the side chapels were also determined, as well as two portals and the type of vault decoration based on the parish church of Türkheim . The construction should be completed in 1682. However, it was not consecrated until 1685. In the years 1686 to 1688 the newly built tower was demolished and rebuilt by Schmuzer with an oak pile foundation . The interior was whitewashed for the first time in 1711. In 1808 today's dome was placed on the tower. A complete restoration took place between 1988 and 1990.
architecture
The building, with its close connection between architecture, stucco decor and furnishings, can be viewed as a successor to the Theatine Church in Munich . The model of the Michaelskirche in Munich can be recognized by the single nave structure of the nave with wall pillars . It is the artistically most valuable space creation of the Wessobrunn school in the Upper Palatinate.
Exterior
A retracted choir with buttresses adjoins the almost square nave with a gable roof. In the corner between the choir and nave there is an almost square tower with a Welscher dome . Portals with pilasters in the west axis open up the ship from the market square and the former castle.
Interior
The interior of the wall pillar church with galleries on three sides is characterized by rich, highly plastic stucco decor from the Wessobrunn school, which emphasizes the architectural structure. According to the original findings, it is kept white throughout and includes canvas pictures in the vault and on the altars.
The nave and the choir separated from it by the choir arch are closed off by barrel vaults with stitch caps . Side stucco altars arranged in staggered positions lead the view to the main altar. The nave consists of three bays; the western yoke is slightly less deep and has shortened wall pillar niches for the entrances that lead to the rear pillar arcades of the gallery, which correspond to the side arcade walls. The type of wall pillar church has been modified here to correspond to a gallery church. The front sides of the pillars are clad with double pilasters, the cranked cornice integrates the pilasters, entablature and parapet into the wall structure with gallery parapets. The chapel niches on the ground floor and the gallery sections with passageways are aligned parallel to the main room.
The partially cast stucco decoration, consisting of framework, cartouches , rosettes, shells, acanthus tendrils , fruit garlands , putti and angel heads divides the architecture. The oil paintings show the Annunciation and the Crucifixion in the choir vault, the Carrying of the Cross and Lamentation under the two oratorios, and the insignia of the Pope and the Holy Trinity in the nave vault .
Furnishing
Altars
The spacious main altar consists of a stucco structure as a canopy over four twisted columns adorned with vine leaves, which was created by Johann Schmuzer and is influenced by Bernini's altar in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It shows an oil painting with the Assumption of the Virgin, which is labeled " Jacobus Potma fecit A 1689". In Altar extract the Father is illustrated at the bottom of the canopy Christusmonogramm attached; the tabernacle is from 1912.
The side altars show aedicula superstructures with oil paintings, which were also created by Potma: on the choir arch the Saints Joseph and Anna, in the excerpt the names of Jesus and Mary, in the side chapels on the right the Saints Maximilian and Christophorus with the helpers in need , on the left the Holy of Holies in the Monstrance and Saint Martin .
Further equipment
The bronze baptismal font in the western baptistery was created by Engelbert Süss from Pfreimd in 1990. The pulpit was originally accessible from the gallery and was lowered in 1756. The organ case with acanthus carving was created around 1690. Half-length portraits of the apostles and figures of saints from the end of the 17th century are also part of the furnishings, as well as late Gothic wooden figures of the Virgin Mary and the third of Anna with a new version.
Funerary monuments
On the right in the choir is the red marble tombstone for Landgrave Leopold von Leuchtenberg († 1463), depicting the deceased as a relief figure with closed eyes in tournament armor and resting on the death pillow. This work was previously ascribed to the master craftsman of St. Lorenz in Nuremberg , Matthäus Roritzer . On the left as a counterpart is the red marble slab by Heinrich von Leuchtenberg († 1567).
literature
- Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German art monuments. Bavaria V: Regensburg and the Upper Palatinate. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03118-0 , pp. 413-415.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Information on the Pfreimd parish church on the parish website. Retrieved January 9, 2019 .
Coordinates: 49 ° 29 ′ 38.4 " N , 12 ° 10 ′ 46.8" E