Marie Dubas

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Marie Dubas ( September 3, 1894 in Paris - February 21, 1972 ibid) was a French chansonnette who enjoyed success on the great Parisian music stages in the 1920s and 1930s - and then again in the post-war period after the German occupation of France in World War II had interrupted her career in Paris.

life and work

The full name of the artist was Anna Marie Dubas . She began her career at the age of 14 as a stage actress in comic roles at the Théâtre de Grenelle in Paris, but gained fame as a singer . After a career in operetta, which she had to give up due to a vocal cord injury, she turned to chanson. It was modeled on Yvette Guilbert , performing in various café-concerts of Montmartre , he joined vocal numbers with comedic elements and gained so quickly the popularity of the predominantly composed of workers public. She established herself as one of the leading representatives of the “ chanson réaliste ”, strongly influenced by naturalism , which primarily addressed the world of the socially marginalized - thugs, prostitutes, pimps, orphans and waitresses.

Careers in the 1920s and 1930s

Success in the suburbs paved her way to the stages of the Casino de Paris , the Bobino and the great Music Halls of Montparnasse , where she performed in operettas, musicals and revues in the 1920s and 1930s, with Maurice Chevalier and the Mistinguett , occurred. The lyricist Raymond Asso and the composer Marguerite Monnot created the chanson Mon légionnaire in January 1936 , which was dedicated to Marie Dubas and recorded by her on May 20, 1936 for the Columbia record company . On this recording, the chansonnette was accompanied by a traditional orchestra with winds and strings under the direction of Marcel Carivene. Dubas sang the chanson and also Le Fanion de la Légion on their American tour in 1939.

Escape to Switzerland and comeback in the post-war period

In August 1939 she was on a tour in South America, then in Portugal. In Lisbon she married a French pilot with whom she had a son. The German occupation of France in World War II ended her career in Paris abruptly. As a Jew, although she was married to a Catholic non-Jew, she was subjected to massive repression - from being banned from performing, through house searches to house arrest - by the Vichy regime and the Gestapo . She stayed with her family initially in the unoccupied zone ( zone libre ), where she could still perform in the Théâtre des Célestins in Lyon and in the Casino in Nice . When the deportations of French Jews to concentration camps began in 1942 , she was forced to leave her home country and flee to Switzerland. She managed to get a visa from a young officer in the Commissariat Général aux Questions Juives . In October 1942 she took a train to Geneva. She lived in Lausanne , sang on stages and on the radio, including the melancholy, autobiographical chanson Ce soir je pense a mon pays on Radio Geneva in 1944 . She celebrated the liberation of Paris with the song Les cloches de la Liberation .

On her return to Paris on July 9, 1945, she learned that her sister had been executed and her nephew had been deported to a concentration camp, from which he never returned.

After the war, their popularity with the public continued unabated. She appeared again on Parisian stages from 1946 and was the star of the opening show at the Olympia in 1954 . In 1958 Marie Dubas withdrew due to illness. Born in the 15th arrondissement , she died in 1972 in the 16th arrondissement in Paris. She was buried on the Cimetière du Père-Lachaise .

meaning

Today it is largely forgotten, although it is in the tradition of the great Diseuses , such as Yvette Guilbert (1865–1944) and Esther Lekain (1870–1960), who perform parody , comedy and drama on stage mastered, “could make people laugh and cry and whose chanson réaliste gave the audience goose bumps”.

Die Dubas was one of those singers who inspired the young Édith Piaf . Marie Dubas was her artistic role model. She revealed to her what it means to be a chansonnette.

Her life story Dubas de haut, en bas , presented for the first time by the Opéra Éclaté , is repeatedly performed on French stages.

Recordings

Dubas was a stage artist and only agreed to record a few of her chansons. In September 1996 Fremaux & Associes released two CDs with all the recordings made by Columbia, Pathé and Odéon (47 chansons, restored) by Marie Dubas: Marie Dubas, Integrale 1927-1945 .

literature

  • Robert de Laroche and François Bellair-Dubas: Marie Dubas: comédienne de la chanson , Christian Pirot (2003), ISBN 978-2-86808-200-8

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Andrea Oberhuber: Chanson (s) de femme (s). Development and typology of female chansons in France 1968-1993 , Erich Schmidt, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-503-03729-2 , p. 35.
  2. ↑ Jean-Dominique Brierre: Jean Ferrat, une vie . Archipoche, November 3, 2010, ISBN 978-2-35287-203-0 , p. 13.
  3. ↑ a b c Jean-Marie Jacono: Une chanson, plusieurs sens , 2010, pp. 294–298.
  4. ^ Graham Johnson: A French Song Companion , Richard Stokes 2000, 5.
  5. ↑ After the war she wrote to him: “Je vous dois certainement la vie. Je suis heureuse qu'il me soit donné de vous le redire ici, encore une fois. ”Quoted in: Dossier Chanton sous L'Occupation
  6. ^ A b Marie Dubas, une chanteuse juive sous l'Occupation , in: Dossier Chanton sous L'Occupation, 4.1. (2014), ed. Center d'Histoire de la Résistance et de la Déportation, Lyon (pdf)
  7. ^ Marie Dubas, in: Le Hall de la Chanson
  8. ↑ IMDb gives March 12th as the date of death and Nice as the place of death .
  9. ↑ Yannick Delneste, Stéphane Jonathan: On connaît la chanson: Petites histoires de grands tubes . Journal Sud Ouest, July 7, 2014, ISBN 979-10-92341-12-6 , p. 17.
  10. ↑ Hommage d'Edith Piaf à Marie Dubas (New York, 1955), in: Pierre Pernez: Edith Piaf, une vie vraie. City Edition, 2013, ISBN 978-2-8246-0349-0 , p. 256 f. Marie par Edith Piaf 1955 hommage à Marie Dubas , Youtube Video
  11. ↑ Operá Theater Saint Etienne: Dubas de haut, en bas ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.operatheatredesaintetienne.fr archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Retrieved December 6, 2015.
  12. ↑ MARIE DUBAS, DE HAUT EN BAS, la Renaissance Théatre Musique, Lyon 2010 ( Memento of the original from December 29, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 29, 2015 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.theatrelarenaissance.com
  13. ↑ Fremeaux.com; Chansons, authors and year of publication; additional reviews and background information on this complete edition (French).

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Dubas, Marie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Dubas, Anna Marie
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French chansonnette
DATE OF BIRTH September 3, 1894
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH February 21, 1972
Place of death Paris