Marientiden
The Marientiden ( Low German for “Marian times of the day ”, lat. Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis ) represent a separate prayer of the hours in honor of the Mother of God .
Officium Beatae Mariae Virginis
The core of the Marientiden is the Officium (parvum) Beatae Mariae Virginis ("(small) Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary", also Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis ) , which is the basis of many books of hours , with eight times of the day in which the psalms , responsories and other liturgical texts each related in a special way to the Mother of God. Further names are Cursus marianus , Officium parvum , small hour prayer , small Marian office or Marienbrevier .
The Officium Beatae Mariae Virginis was created after the 10th century as an additional office based on the Liturgy of the Hours, alongside other similar offices, for example in honor of all saints, and in the late Middle Ages was almost everywhere a mandatory addition to the clergy's breviary prayer . Pope Pius V lifted this obligation in his breviary reform of 1568.
As an independent office, it gained great popularity in western and northern Germany in the second half of the 15th century, especially among the educated lay people in the cities. In many cities brotherhoods were founded to care for him. For this purpose, special Marientid chapels were often set up or added, and vicarages and sometimes entire choirs were donated. During the Reformation, the Marientides were deposed; the often not inconsiderable assets of the foundations were used to care for the poor and to maintain churches and schools.
As the Officium parvum , it has been adopted as a compulsory prayer by many more recent sister communities , partly in the national language. In 1953 it was fundamentally revised by Augustin Bea . The Second Vatican Council confirmed the “little office” as a public prayer of the church if it was “laid out in the manner of the (general) hourly prayer and duly approved”; this is given "if it consists of psalms, readings, hymns and orations and somehow takes into account the hours of the day and the time of the church year"; Mother tongue translations require a church license. As a result, a shortened prayer of the hours for apostolic religious orders appeared, in the German version as Christ , which was confirmed by Rome on June 14, 1980.
An independent Marian hour prayer is still performed by the Carthusians .
Marientid chapels
Following the example of the Lady Chapels in many English cathedrals , the Marientid Chapel was often located at the apex of the choir , the east end of the church. In the Lübeck Marienkirche , the Little Office of Our Lady were set up in 1462 with an endowment of 40 people. The associated chapel at the apex of the choir, also known as the “singer's chapel”, received a richly carved barrier in 1491 (burned in 1942), and in 1521 new stalls (remains) and an Antwerp reredos that have been preserved to this day .
The Marientidenkapelle of Lübeck Cathedral , built after 1436 from the estate of Berthold Rike , was converted into a prince-bishop's burial chapel in the early 18th century. Those of the Aegidien Church and the Jakobikirche also became private burial chapels, the latter later becoming a boiler room.
Other Marientid chapels can be found in churches in many northern German cities such as the Rostock Marienkirche (near the astronomical clock), the Stralsund Marienkirche (choir top chapel), as well as in Stendal and Wismar . Here, in 1464 , the Schwerin bishop Nicolaus Böddeker donated a richly furnished chapel in the tower of the George Church .
See also
literature
expenditure
- Horae, Middle Low German : Seven tyde Unser Lieve Vrauwen , Lübeck: Steffen Arndes 1499
- Digitized copy of the copy from the Bavarian State Library
- P. Hildebrand Fleischmann OSB: Officium Divinum Parvum ("Volksbrevier", "Seckauer Schwesternbrevier"), several editions from 1933
- Officium parvum Beatae Mariae Virginis , Augustin Bea (Ed.), Editio amplior (Latin / German), Pustet, Regensburg, 1953
Secondary literature
- Hans-Jürgen Feulner: Officium parvum BMV . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1006 f .
- Officium parvum , in: Adolf Adam , Rupert Berger : Pastoralliturgisches Handlexikon Freiburg: Herder 1980, p. 370f.
- Friedrich Schlie : The art and history monuments of the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Volume II: The district court districts of Wismar, Grevesmühlen, Rehna, Gadebusch and Schwerin. Schwerin 1898, reprinted Schwerin 1992, ISBN 3910179061
- Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Publishing house by Bernhard Nöhring: Lübeck 1920. Unchanged reprint 2001, ISBN 3-89557-167-9
- Antje Grewolls: The chapels of the north German churches in the Middle Ages. Architecture and function. Kiel: Ludwig 1999, ISBN 3-9805480-3-1
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hans-Jürgen Feulner: Officium parvum BMV . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 7 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1998, Sp. 1006 f .
- ↑ Constitution Sacrosanctum Concilium No. 98.
- ^ Instruction Inter Oecumenici (September 26, 1964), nos. 80 and 82.
- ↑ Heinrich Dormeier : The chapel in Lübeck's Marienkirche. Devotion, lay initiatives and public impact. In: Ulrike Nürnberger, Uwe Albrecht (ed.): Palmarum 1942: new research on destroyed works of medieval wood sculpture and panel painting from St. Mary's Church in Lübeck. Conference proceedings and exhibition documentation. Kiel: Ludwig 2014 ISBN 978-3-86935-229-9 , pp. 97–118