Berthold Rike

Berthold Rike , also Ryke and Latinized Bertold Dives (* around 1380 in Hanover ; † August 18, 1436 in Schwaan ) was a German Roman Catholic clergyman at the Roman Curia, cathedral curator in Breslau and provost of Lübeck .

Life

family

Bertholdus Schomaker alias dictus Dives came from Hanover. He was the son of the merchant Borchard Dives († before 1398), who had acquired citizenship in Hanover in 1384, and his wife Katharina. Since 1412 he consistently used the name form Rike or Latinized Dives . Apparently the whole family moved to Lübeck later. Rike's mother Katharina was buried in front of the choir in the middle of Lübeck Cathedral . Rike donated a memorial for her and her father . His brother Heinrich Dives became a citizen of Lübeck as a merchant. Until his death (around 1455) he was the next heir to take care of the estate. He became the progenitor of the Divessen family in Lübeck, which rose to the city council in the next generation but one. David Divessen (mayor) († 1509) became mayor and David Divessen (councilor) († 1533) councilor in Lübeck.

education

1407 Rike is mentioned for the first time in Vatican sources. At this time he was a student of canon law in Bologna and housed with Cardinal Baldassare Cossa , who later became the antipope of John XXIII. Presumably in Bologna he received his doctorate decretorum (Doctor of Canon Law ). As such he appears in Vatican sources from 1417.

Benefices and missions

Rike's first benefices were a claim to the parish Assel and a vicarie sine cura at the collegiate church of St. Cosmae et Damiani (Stade) . In 1407 he received a canonical at the collegiate church of St. Marien in Großglogau in Silesia . The mediators of this transfer were Johannes Scheele and Dietrich Reseler - two curials who became important for Rike's further career and, together with Rike and his relatives Ludolf Grove and Ludolf Quirre, formed a "rope team" at the Roman benefit market.

When the Lübeck cathedral provost Nikolaus von dem Werder died in 1409 on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in Venice , Cossa ensured that Rike received his benefices: a canonical at the Bremen cathedral and the Lübeck cathedral provost. Nikolaus von dem Werder had worked closely with the agent of the Medici Lodovico de Baglioni (Ludovicus Philippi de Ballionibus de Perusio) in Lübeck in collecting and forwarding papal collections in Northern Europe.

In 1410, at the instigation of Cossa, now (counter) Pope John XXIII, Rike became cathedral curator at the Breslau cathedral . Between 1412 and 1415, Rike was on several diplomatic and fiscal missions for the Curia in the north and east. For this he was appointed papal nuncio . In 1413 he came to Lübeck for the first time. In 1414 he traveled to the Teutonic Order , Prussia and Livonia . He also acquired a canonical at the Cathedral of the Assumption and St. Andrew in Frombork in Warmia . In 1415 he became a papal collector for the Kingdom of Poland . With the deposition of John XXIII. Rike lost his Roman patron through the Council of Constance . He resided in Breslau in 1416/17 and then moved entirely to Lübeck. He tried to consolidate his numerous benefices through sale and exchange.

Captivity and death

Grave slab of Matthias von Axekow in the Doberan Minster

The knight Matthias von Axekow , general and councilor of Duchess Katharina , had two farmers grabbed in Wendorf near Wismar in 1432 to force them to hand them over to him ( appraisal ). The Lübeck cathedral chapter , however, regarded the village as one of its chapter villages and, on the other hand, kept the duchess. This dismissed the action of the chapter. Axekow went on a pilgrimage to St. Theobald in Thann and Maria Einsiedeln in Switzerland in 1435 . When the Lübeck bishop Johannes Schele and the cathedral dean Nikolaus Sachau , who were both at the Council of Basel, found out about it, they arranged for him to be arrested in Rheinfelden (Baden) . After some time and intensive negotiations, he was given permission to return home, on condition that he make up with the chapter and compensate for its damage. If one cannot agree on this, he should be obliged, on his word of honor, to go to Lüneburg for storage . The reconciliation failed, and Axekow appeared in Lüneburg as requested. At the same time, however, he instigated his friends to take Rike hostage in order to replace him with him. Rike was captured on Marien Magdalenen Day (July 22nd) 1436 near the infirmary in Schwartau and brought to Schwaan Castle. However, the plan of a replacement did not materialize because Rike died in captivity on August 18th, the feast day of the holy martyr Agapitus of Praeneste . Thereupon the Lübeckers obtained the excommunication of Axekow and his helpers as well as the interdict against Mecklenburg for the murder of a clergyman at the Council of Basel .

atonement

Marientidenkapelle at Lübeck Cathedral (2019)

The Duchess and her councilors had to purge themselves of suspicion of complicity by taking an oath. Trials, including at the imperial court , followed. The Mecklenburg finally compensated the chapter and paid an atonement of 2500 Marks Lübisch . Two charities were donated for 1,000 marks. Rike's body was transferred to Lübeck; he found his final resting place in the Marientidenkapelle, newly built from his estate, behind the choir. In 1449 Nikolaus Sachau, who had become bishop in 1439, was buried in this chapel. Due to the later redesign of the chapel into a grave chapel for Prince-Bishop August Friedrich , these burial places have not been preserved.

His successor as provost was the curial Johannes Walling .

literature

• Ernst Deecke : Violence of the knight Mathias von Axecow against the Lübeck cathedral provost Barthold Rike 1436. In: Year books of the Association for Mecklenburg History and Antiquity 21 (1856), pp. 188-190 full text
• Georg Wilhelm Dittmer : Genealogical and biographical news about Lückeck families from earlier times , Dittmer, 1859, p. 28 ( digitized version )
• Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns : The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Verlag von Bernhard Nöhring, Lübeck 1920, pp. 90 ff. (Unchanged reprint 2001: ISBN 3-89557-167-9 )
• Brigide Schwarz: A friend of Italian merchants in the north? Berthold Rike, Provost of Lübeck and Cathedral Curator of Breslau (d. 1436). At the same time an example for the use of the Repertorium Germanicum for a biography. In: Italia et Germania. Liber Amicorum Arnold Esch. Tübingen: Niemeyer 2001, pp. 447-467 ebook ISBN 978-3-11-091035-3
• Brigide Schwarz : A "rope team" of clerics from Hanover in the late Middle Ages. In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries 81 (2001), pp. 256–277 ( online )
• Klaus Krüger: What is a word of honor? : On a case of successful conflict settlement in late medieval Lübeck. In: Michael Hundt (Ed.): Hanseatic League and City: Actors, Structures and Developments in Regional and European Space. Festschrift for Rolf Hammel-Kiesow for his 65th birthday. Lübeck: Schmidt-Römhild 2014 (individual publication by the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology), pp. 433–446

Web links

• RG online

Individual evidence

1. ^ Schwarz (Lit.), p. 453
2. ^ Schwarz (lit.), p. 456
3. ↑ Klaus Krüger : Corpus of medieval grave monuments in Lübeck, Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg (1100-1600) (= Kieler Historische Studien 40), Stuttgart 1999, p. 578 LÜDO * 81; the grave has not been preserved
4. ^ Georg Wilhelm Dittmer : Genealogical and biographical news about Lückeckische families from older times. Dittmer, Lübeck 1859, p. 27 f
5. ↑ Brigide Schwarz: A "rope team" of clerics from Hanover in the late Middle Ages . In: Sources and research from Italian archives and libraries . Volume 81, 2001, pp. 256–277 ( online at Perspektiveia.net )
6. ↑ See details in Schwarz (Lit.), p. 465