Marian column (Munich)
.jpg)
The Marian column on Marienplatz in Munich is a statue consecrated to Mary on a column. Maria is venerated here as Patrona Bavariae (patron saint of Bavaria). The Marian column is included in the list of architectural monuments in Munich.
history
During the Thirty Years' War , Elector Maximilian I made the vow to have a "godly work" erected if Munich and Landshut were spared from the war. However, the city of Munich was occupied by Swedish troops during the war, and the army command demanded the destruction - also in retaliation for the destruction of Magdeburg . Nevertheless, in this dangerous situation for Munich, the Swedish King Gustav II Adolf decided against his military leadership. After both cities were spared in the war - people spoke of the miracle of Munich - Maximilian had the Marian column built from Adnet marble on Munich's Marienplatz in 1638. The Latin inscription indicates his vow and the veneration of Mary as the patron saint of Bavaria:
- The most allergic great God, the virginal Theotokos, the gracious mistress and high-potential patron saint of Bavaria, has gratefully and humbly erected this permanent memorial for the descendants of Maximilian, Count Palatine to preserve his homeland, the cities, the army, himself, his house and his hopes Rhine, Duke of Upper and Lower Bavaria, the Holy Roman Empire Erztruchsess and Elector, the last of their servants, in 1638.
The Marian Column was inaugurated on November 7, 1638, the first Sunday after All Saints' Day , by the Freising Bishop Veit Adam von Gepeckh . Elector Maximilian is said to have spoken the often cited contemporary neo-Latin intercession prayer of the Jesuit poet Jakob Balde (1604–1668):
- "Rem regem regimen regionem religionem conserva Bavaris, Virgo Patrona, tuis!"
German translation:
- "The matter and the Lord, the order, the land and the religion keep your Bavaria, Virgin Mary!"
At the same time, the song 'Das Münchnerisch our dear Frawen Gesang' was written , printed in 1637, music: Alter Münchener 'Rueff' , based on Johann Kuen, Munich 1637 (Gotteslob f. Munich and Freising: No. 855)
- 1. VO Heavenly Queen, / the whole world a 'ruler! / A Maria, pray for us!
- V You are Duchess of Bavaria / Bavaria is your own. / A Maria, pray for us!
- 1st-3rd A Therefore dear mother, / give us your gentle hand, / keep your coat stretched out / and protect our Bavarian country!
- 2. V Munich has you in its heart / your cathedral is in the middle of the city. / A Maria, pray for us!
- V He is built very strong and solid / to your honor in the very best. / A Maria, pray for us!
- 3. V Your picture rises on a high pillar, / you guardian of Bavaria, miraculously mild. / A Maria, pray for us!
- V Have mercy on the dear child in your arms / have mercy on the whole people! / A Maria, pray for us!
description
The Marian column is crowned by a gilded bronze statue of the Virgin Mary, which was presumably created by Hubert Gerhard in 1593 for the grave of Wilhelm V and used until 1613 for the high altar of the Frauenkirche in Munich . This is the type of representation in the tradition of the miraculous image of Maria Loreto , i.e. with the baby Jesus on the arm, standing on a crescent moon. In 1639 four bronze putti were added to the base , which allegorically refer to Psalm 91, verse 13, which is reproduced in abbreviated form on the shields: "Super aspidem et basiliscum ambulabis et leonem et draconem conculcabis " - "about the snake and the You will walk basilisks and you will trample the lions and the dragons. ”The hero putti are in battle with four human plagues represented as animals. The lion embodies war, the basilisk - a mythical creature - the plague, a dragon represents hunger and a snake represents disbelief. The four representations were designed by the “Master of the Heldenputti” (probably a wax maker), whose name is still unknown, and made by the bronze caster Bernhard Ernst.
It is not known who designed the column; but it should have been one of the most important artists of the time. It is often attributed to Hubert Gerhard . The statue of Mary is similar to the bronze statue at the residence - Mary stands on the crescent moon, she is crowned and holds the blessing Christ Child in her left hand and a scepter in her right. The Marian column was the center of the country and all outgoing streets had their metric zero point here. Even today, the distance information on signposts to Munich refers to the route to the Marian column.
reception
The idea of the Munich Marian Column was often taken up and used for other Marian columns, some of which were also erected during the Thirty Years' War. For example, especially with the Marian column in Wernstein am Inn , which was originally erected in Vienna in 1645 ; also at the Prague Marian Column from 1650 (destroyed in 1918). Both the Viennese and the Prague columns were donated for the same reason as the Munich column, because the Swedish troops in the respective cities were spared in the final phase of the Thirty Years' War. The Munich column also served as a model for the Freising Marian Column in 1674 and the Trier Marian Column in 1866.
Religious use of the Marian column and further history
Until 1773, processions led to the Marian Column on the first Sunday after All Saints' Day. As part of secularization , public litanies at the Marian Column were banned in 1803, but resumed in 1854. Even today, public prayers take place at the Marian column; Litanies, rosaries etc. are prayed, e.g. B. on Saturday evening. So Pope Pius VI prayed there . During his visit to Munich in 1782, Pope John Paul II visited the statue on November 19, 1980, his successor Benedict XVI. visited her on September 9, 2006 as part of his pastoral trip in Bavaria (memorial inscriptions on the plinth, see below ). Traditionally, the archbishops of Munich and Freising are received and bid farewell at the beginning and end of their term of office at the Mariensäule.
Pope Benedict XVI In 2006, in his address in front of the Marian Column, he remembered his own prayer ceremony, at which he had entrusted himself to Mary as Archbishop in 1977 and 1982 respectively. He mentioned the legend of the first Bishop of Freising, who ordered a bear that had torn his horse to carry his luggage as far as Rome and which, as the Korbinian bear, became a symbol of carrying the burden of church office: “The bear of St. Korbinians was in Rome released. In my case the Lord decided differently. "- he pointed out that as a Curia Cardinal he could not retire to Bavaria, but became a Roman Pope, and in this office he was allowed to celebrate the traditional Bavarian pontifical hour of prayer in front of the statue of Mary again -" And so So I stand again at the feet of the Marian Column to implore the intercession and blessings of Our Lady, not only for the city of Munich and not only for the dear Bavaria, but for the Church of the whole world and for all people of good will. "
Most recently, the newly appointed Archbishop Reinhard Marx prayed on January 30, 2008 as the climax of his solemn solicitation in front of the portrait of Patrona Bavariae and recommended his new Archbishopric and all of Bavaria to the Mother of God.
During the Second World War, the statue was housed in the Frauenkirche, and in 1945 it was re-erected on Marienplatz under Michael Cardinal von Faulhaber . During the construction of the Munich U- and S-Bahn, the Marian column was temporarily removed in 1966, the baroque base and the column were replaced by a copy when it was re-erected in November 1970, and the figure was newly gilded.
Pope visits
The date of the visit of Pope John Paul II (November 19, 1980) and Pope Benedict XVI. (September 9, 2006) at the Mariensäule in Munich was engraved in the marble base of the statue of the saint shortly after her visits.
literature
- M. Schattenhofer: The Marian column in Munich , Munich 1970.
- Walter F. Kalina: The Marian columns in Wernstein am Inn (1645/47), Vienna (1664/66), Munich (1637/38) and Prague (1650) , in: Bundesdenkmalamt (Hg.): Austrian magazine for art and preservation of monuments 58 (2004), H. 1, pp. 43-61.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Walter F. Kalina: The Marian columns in Wernstein am Inn (1645/47), Vienna (1664/66), Munich (1637/38) and Prague (1650). in: Bundesdenkmalamt (Ed.): Austrian Journal for Art and Monument Preservation 58 (2004), no. 1, pp. 43–55
- ^ Greetings from Pope Benedict XVI. in front of the Mariensäule in Munich on September 9, 2006.
- ↑ Archbishop Reinhard Marx at the Mariensäule ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 '14.01 " N , 11 ° 34' 31.83" E
1 | 2 | 3 | 8 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 25 | 26 | 28
without number: Mariensäule | Fish fountain | S- and U-Bahn station