Marienkirche (Stettin)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marienkirche in Szczecin
Altar of the Marienkirche
Marienkirche after 1789

The Marienkirche was a church building in Stettin that existed from the 13th century to 1789 . At the Marienkirche there was a collegiate monastery , the Marienstift .

Building history

The Marienkirche was built in Stettin in the 13th century on the site of the former Wendish castle ramparts. Duke Barnim I of Pomerania, the town's founder , had renounced this castle in 1249 in favor of the town of Szczecin, which he had granted town charter in 1243. In 1261 Duke Barnim I founded a collegiate foundation, the Marienstift. Then in 1263 the city gave him a place on the old castle grounds to build the Marienkirche.

The building was a three-aisled hall church . The choir was completed in 1266. A cloister leaned against the north nave . The tower was about 100 meters high.

The Marienkirche served as a burial place of the Pomeranian ducal house of the griffins . Duke Barnim I was the first to be buried in it in 1278. Later, the Ottenkirche, also located in Stettin and built in 1346, with its princely crypt, took over this function.

During the siege of Stettin by Brandenburg-Prussia in the Swedish-Brandenburg War in 1677, the Marienkirche was badly damaged by gun bombardment. The flames also set the neighboring Peter and Paul Church on fire. The subsequent reconstruction of the Marienkirche proceeded slowly due to a lack of money, only in 1707 the vault could be completely closed again. The church received a new Baroque style tower designed by Gerhard Cornelius von Walrave , which was completed in 1732.

On July 9, 1789, the Marienkirche was destroyed by lightning. In the end, there was no reconstruction; The ruins were removed in 1829 and 1830.

Parish church

Parish

The Marienkirche became a parish church in 1277 . Thus there were four parish churches for medieval Stettin, in addition to the Marienkirche the Jakobikirche , the Nikolaikirche and the Peter-Paulskirche located outside the city walls .

With the introduction of the Reformation , the church became a Protestant place of worship. The ius patronatus was initially held by the sovereigns, then the virgin monastery and - when it gave up - the capitulars, and finally the sovereign.

Even after the fire in the church, the Marian congregation continued. From 1804 it was merged with the parish of the Castle Church in Stettin to form the Castle and Mary Parish . In 1940 the parish had more than 20,000 parishioners.

Church records

The parish registers of the Marienkirche, which exist since 1614, are kept in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin-Kreuzberg .

Pastor

A pastor (also prepositus ( superintendent ) of the Old Szczecin Synod) and an archdeacon , sometimes also a subdeacon, were active as clergy at St.Mary's Church:

  • Balthasar Bendel, from 1654
  • Salomon Matthias, from 1658
  • Kaspar Gottfried Mundinus, 1661–1671
  • Daniel Kansdorff, 1672–1691,
  • Gottlieb Eckstein, 1686–1709
  • Nathanael Falcke, 1692-1693
  • Andreas Coeler, 1693-1694
  • Hermann Witte , 1696–1707
  • Georg Balthasar von Mascow, 1708–1730
  • Laurentius David Bollhagen , 1710
  • Henning Ubechel, 1711-1713
  • Joachim Sander, 1712–1725
  • Johann Wilhelm Löper, 1725–1738
  • Jakob Andreas Löper, 1732–1748
  • Heinrich Moritz Titius, 1738–1759
  • Joachim Christian Schröder, 1749–1763
  • Joachim Achatius Felix Bielke, 1764–1793
  • Johann Adolph Schinmeier , 1764–1774
  • Otto Friedrich Gottlob Vogel, 1774–1775
  • David Friedrich Ebert, 1775–1789
  • Friedrich Ludwig Engelken , 1789–1826

Marian pen

In 1261 Duke Barnim I founded a collegiate monastery, the Marienstift, which consisted of twelve canons . The Marienstift and the Ottenstift existing at the Ottenkirche became the most important and richest spiritual bodies in Szczecin. Their wealth was also favored by the tax exemption granted to them.

After the introduction of the Reformation in 1541, the assets of the previous Marienstifts and the Otten Chapter were combined into a new foundation, which in 1543 established a Princely Pedagogy in Stettin, which developed into the prestigious Marienstiftsgymnasium .

See also

literature

  • Carl Fredrich : The former St. Mary's Church in Stettin and its property. Part 1. In: Baltic Studies . New episode vol. 21, Leon Saunier, Stettin 1918, p. 143 ff. ( Digital version , PDF 70 MB)
  • Carl Fredrich : The former St. Mary's Church in Stettin and its property. Part 2. In: Baltic Studies . New series, vol. 23, Leon Saunier, Stettin 1920, pp. 1-60. ( Digital copy , PDF 28 MB)
  • Horst Kramp: Two organs once sounded in St. Mary's Church. In: Stettiner Bürgerbrief. No. 32, 2006, ISSN  1619-6201 , pp. 41-49.
  • Martin Wehrmann : The foundation of the cathedral monastery to Marien in Stettin. In: Baltic Studies . Old series vol. 36, issue 2, Herrcke & Lebeling, Stettin 1886, pp. 125–157. ( Digitized , PDF 44 megabytes)
  • Hans Moderow , The Evangelical Clergy of Pomerania from the Reformation to the Present , Part 1, Stettin, 1903
  • Joachim Bernhard Steinbrück , The Life of the Eight First Pastors of the Marienstiftskirche , 1763
  • Christa Stache, Directory of the Church Books in the Evangelical Central Archive in Berlin , Part 1: The Eastern Church Provinces of the Evangelical Church of the Old Prussian Union , Berlin, 1992³ - ISBN 3-9801646-4-0

Footnotes

  1. ^ Eckhard Wendt: What did Gerhard Cornelius von Walrave (1692–1773) create in Stettin? In: Pomerania. Journal of Culture and History. Issue 2/2012, ISSN  0032-4167 , pp. 17-21.

Coordinates: 53 ° 25 ′ 39.9 ″  N , 14 ° 33 ′ 22.8 ″  E