Marina Mniszech

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marianna Mniszchowna: Contemporary painting by Szymon Boguszowicz

Marina Mniszech (Polish: Maryna Mniszchówna ; born around 1588 in Laszki Murowane ; died on December 24, 1614) was a Polish-Lithuanian noblewoman . During the time of turmoil in Russia , she repeatedly supported false heir apparent and was briefly Tsarina in May 1606 .

Life

Marina was the daughter of the Polish-Lithuanian voivod of Sandomierz , Jerzy Mniszech (1548–1613). Her mother was Jadwiga geb. Tarlo; the castle in what is now Staryj Sambir district , where her eldest daughter was born, came from her dowry.

After the death of Fyodor I, his former regent Boris Godunov ascended the throne of Russia as tsar because the other son of Ivan the Terrible , Dmitri , had died. Pseudodimitri I , an impostor who claimed to be Dmitri and as such ascended the throne as Dmitri II , rose against the unpopular usurper Godunov . His claims were supported by the Polish nobility and King Sigismund III, among others . Wasa , who exploited the Russian weakness to promote Polish interests. Jerzy Mniszech betrothed his daughter Marina to the alleged Dmitri in 1604 or 1605 , for which the family were promised the right to Pskov , Novgorod , Smolensk and Novhorod-Siverskyj . After conquering Moscow, Dmitri sent a delegation to Poland in November 1605 and asked for the hand of Marina.

Coronation of the Mniszech Marina in Moscow
Marina and her father Jerzy in exile in Yaroslavl

Marina was married to Dmitri at a large ceremony in Krakow in November 1605 in the absence of her husband , the second wedding party took place on May 8, 1606, after Marina moved into Moscow with her father and 4,000 men. Dmitri had already converted to Catholicism and the wedding ritual was held in Polish robes. Not only because of this, Dmitri had alienated himself from the Russian aristocracy, whose previous support the false Dmitri had lost. On May 17, 1606 he was murdered during the wedding celebrations, more than 500 Polish followers of the Mniszechs died, after her declaration of renunciation of the throne, his wife Marina was taken to Yaroslavl with her father and arrested there. In July 1608 Marina was due to the intercession of Sigismund III. sent back to Poland-Lithuania.

At the request of her father, in the summer of 1608, Marina recognized Pseudodimitri II , a second impostor supported by Polish and dissatisfied Russian nobles and peasants, who set up his court in Tuschino and was able to win large areas of Russia for himself. Even this false Dmitri could not enforce his claims because Tsar Vasily IV. Sigismund III. Wasa called for help. The Polish supporters of the second false Dmitri switched to Sigismund's side in 1609; Pseudodimitri II was murdered in December 1610.

Marina Mniszech found support in Iwan Zarutsky, a follower of Pseudodimitris II, and filed claims for her son Ivan, who was born in January 1611, on the Russian throne. Before their opponents, Mniszech and her new husband Zarutsky fled to Astrakhan . After Michael I was elected Tsar in 1613, Marina's family was captured in 1614. Zarutsky and three-year-old Ivan were executed at the behest of Michael I. Marina died in custody a few months later; she may have been murdered.

Reception (selection)

Numerous authors dealt with the subject of the Time of Troubles. Marina appears as a prominent figure in the following works:

Artistic representations (selection)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Short biography (Polish)
  2. ↑ a b Antonius Lux (ed.): Great women of world history. A thousand biographies in words and pictures . Sebastian Lux Verlag , Munich 1963, p. 338.
personal data
SURNAME Mniszech, Marina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mniszchówna, Maryna (Polish); Мнишек, Марина (Russian); Mniszkowa, Marina; Mnisk, Marina; Mnišek, Marina; Mniszhovna, Marianna
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Polish-Lithuanian nobles
DATE OF BIRTH around 1588
PLACE OF BIRTH Laszki Murowane, castle in today's Staryj Sambir district
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1614