Markantun de Dominis

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Markantun de Dominis , also Markus Antonius de Dominis and Marco Antonio de Dominis ( Croat. Marko Gospodnetić ) (* 1560 in Rab , today Croatia ; † November 9, 1624 in Rome ) was a Croatian bishop of Senj and archbishop of Split . He worked as a theologian , philosopher , mathematician , physicist and author . Markantun de Dominis is counted among the most famous scientists of his era.

Author's picture, London 1617

Life

Marko Gospodnetić was born in 1560 on the Croatian island of Rab. De Dominis completed his theology and philosophy studies with the Jesuits in what is now Italy . In 1579 de Dominis finally decided to join the Jesuit order in Novalleri . As a university professor he taught from 1581 to 1585 in the field of humanism at the University of Verona . De Dominis continued his own studies in the field of theology between 1588 and 1592 at the theological faculty Collegio Massimo in Padua . He was ordained a priest in 1592, at the same time de Dominis taught as a professor in the field of rhetoric at the Jesuit college in Brescia until 1595.

Episcopate

In 1596, Markantun de Dominis resigned from the Jesuit order and was appointed bishop of the historical diocese of Senj in 1600 and headed it until 1602. Because of his support for Venice, which Senjer Uskoks viewed as treason, he had to im Flee Senj during an uprising . Pope Clement VIII appointed de Dominis Archbishop of Split on November 15, 1602, as well as Primate of Dalmatia and all of Croatia. During his time as Archbishop of Split, de Dominis wrote his main work De Republica Ecclesiastica and carried out scientific experiments in the field of physics. Later, de Dominis used the findings from his experiments to scientifically explain the formation of the rainbow . From 1604 to 1606 he stayed temporarily in Rome and Venice and returned to Split in 1607 . In 1611 de Domini's treatise De radiis visus et lucis in vitris, perspectivis et iride was published in Venice. Goethe studied it for his color theory . In 1614 de Dominis stayed in Venice. In 1615 there were disputes between him and the local clergy in the Archdiocese of Split , so de Dominis resigned from his office as Archbishop of Split in 1616.

England

On his way to England de Dominis published his thesis Epistola ad Episcopos Ecclesiae christianae scripta in Heidelberg , in qua causas discessus sui from Episcopatu exponit against the Vatican , which was later reprinted in London . Upon his arrival in London on December 26, 1616, de Dominis was solemnly received, especially after his final break with the Vatican. In the English state hierarchy, Markantun de Dominis was in 4th place. He has taught at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge . The University of Cambridge recognized de Domini's scientific commitment with an honorary doctorate in theology. In England he published his main work De Republica Ecclesiastica and gave protest sermons against the Vatican. His main work was included in the Index Librorum Prohibitorum . Today it is considered the oldest source of the sentence In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas , which is found there as follows: Omnesque mutuam amplecteremur unitatem in necessariis, in non necessariis libertatem, in omnibus caritatem.

inquisition

After the election of Gregory XV. as Pope in 1622, de Dominis set off from London via Brussels to Rome. Once there, de Dominis stated that he had deliberately lied against the Vatican. In this regard, he came into contact with the Inquisition . De Dominis was accused of heresy and spent the end of his life under house arrest in Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. In Rome de Dominis published his last work Euripus seu de fluxu et refluxu maris sententia . Markantun de Dominis died of natural causes between November 8th and 9th, 1624. His body and his personal works (including two unpublished volumes of his main work De Republica Ecclesiastica ) were burned by the Inquisition on December 21, 1624 on the Campo dei Fiori in Rome.

literature

Web links

Commons : Category: Marco Antonio de Dominis  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Theodor Haering : "The moon roars through the Neckar valley ..." A romantic walk through Tübingen at night along with all sorts of useful and entertaining considerations . Wunderlich, Tübingen 1935, p. 66.
  2. ^ Pars I. London 1617, lib. 4 cap. 8 Page 676 at the end books.google.de ; see. HJM Nellen: "De zinspreuk 'In necessariis unitas, in non necessariis libertas, in utrisque caritas,'" Nederlands archief voor kerkgeschiedenis 79, no. 1 (1999): 99-106 ( English summary )
personal data
SURNAME Dominis, Markantun de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gospodnetić, Marko; Dominis, Marco Antonio de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Croatian theologian and scientist
DATE OF BIRTH 1560
PLACE OF BIRTH Rab
DATE OF DEATH November 9, 1624
Place of death Rome