Markgräflerhof

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Markgräflerhof, picture from 1845
Markgräflerhof, picture from 1762
facade
Entrance hall

The Markgräflerhof in Basel was built by Margrave Friedrich VII Magnus von Baden-Durlach from 1698 to 1705. It is the oldest baroque palace in Switzerland and is now used by the University Hospital Basel .

history

From 1648 to 1808

On March 1, 1648, Margrave Friedrich V von Baden-Durlach bought the Bärenfelser and Eptinger farms in the New Suburb (on today's Hebelstrasse) . In 1692, Margrave Friedrich VII. Magnus von Baden-Durlach acquired the adjacent Brandtmüllerhof , making the Margraves the largest landowner in the Neuen-Vorstadt.

Since the residences in their own area had been badly devastated during the Palatine War of Succession (1688–1697), except for Augustenburg Castle in Grötzingen , the Basel properties served as the seat of the Baden-Durlach government in exile and as a refuge for members of the princely family.

On the night of February 24, 1698, the margravial houses in the suburbs burned down. The fire had broken out in the chef's room between one and two o'clock and was noticed too late. The margrave and his families went to safety in the neighborhood, while a chambermaid was killed. Eight days after the fire, another gable wall collapsed and spilled the cellar.

Due to the danger of a renewed war with France ( reunification policy ), the margrave was keen to have a safe place to stay again for a possible exile. On the properties of the burned down houses ( Bärenfelser- and Eptinger-Hof ), the clean-up work began as early as April 1698 and in May there was a first draft for the new construction work, which the Hüning building contractor Augé presented. De Risse , an engineer from Hüningen , was hired as a construction inspector.

"The planning was based on a modern French city hotel down to the last detail (" hotel entre cour et jardin "), as published in Charles Augustin D'Aviler's master work" Cours d'architecture "in Paris in 1691." The architectural management for the construction is not fully clarified, but was ascribed to the Baden-Durlach court architect Thomas Lefèbvre .

The foundation stone was laid on July 16, 1698 . Experts from Huningue , just outside Basel, were also involved in the detailed planning and the masonry work , where capacities were available after the construction of the French fortress Hüningen and its outworks on the Schusterinsel . When building his Basel residence, the margrave also employed those who in 1689 had transported the stones from the Kapf bastion of Rötteln Castle, which was destroyed by the French army in 1678, for road construction near Hüningen. The building material were to a large extent from the swim-durlachischen Oberamt Rötteln by the inhabitants in Fronarbeit brought to Basel. The brickworks in the Oberamt Rötteln were no longer allowed to sell their products freely, but had to grant the margrave a right of first refusal. The natural stones were stones broken and partly from the remains of the after the Treaty of Rijswijk looped right bank bridgehead won the fortress Hüningen. The timber was felled in the forests of Sitzenkirch , Feuerbach , Niedereggenen and Sulzburg and cut to size in the sawmills in Kandern and Badenweiler . Sawmills in Haagen and Brombach also had to deliver a supply of floorboards . The burdens on the population were so great that the Röttler Landvogt reported several times to the higher authorities that the duty of compulsory labor would continue to endanger the cultivation of the fields. The focus was not only on the time required, but also on the wear and tear on the carts and tools.

In September 1698, work on the foundations had already progressed and Jean Linge, a building contractor, was commissioned to erect the shell. In April 1699, the Brandtmüllerhof was also demolished, the area of ​​which was needed for the construction of the new palace . The shell was already finished at the end of 1699, but the interior work by the Hüningen building contractor Amond Jourdain dragged on because the construction work was temporarily delayed due to lack of money. In the contract of September 1700 that Jourdain concluded with the Röttler Landvogt Johann Bernhard von Gemmingen , a construction period of two years was agreed, but the building for the margraves of Baden-Durlach was not completed until 1705 . The margravial family was able to move into a few rooms in mid-January and construction was completed in April 1705. From July 1701 to April 1705, the portrait painter Johann Rudolf Huber was in charge of building supervision.

Site plan of the Markgräflerhof building complex around 1740

In the years 1735/36 the neighboring properties Thellussonischer Garten , Melkerisches Gut and Burckhardtische Scheune were acquired in order to create a large courtyard garden adjacent to the Markgräflerhof. From 1736 to 1739, Margrave Karl III. Wilhelm von Baden-Durlach tear down the newly acquired Burckhardtische barn and expand the Markgräflerhof in the west with a wing with the archive and prince's building. After the death of this margrave (1738) the Markgräflerhof was only used for occasional stays for relatives and friends of the margrave's family. It was also the repository for the Princely House's collections, which were previously brought here for safety ( picture gallery , art cabinet , coin cabinet , silver cabinet , natural history cabinet , archive and library ).

When in autumn 1743 the then Baden-Durlach Hereditary Prince Karl Friedrich was to stop in Basel on his way to his place of study in Lausanne , at the instigation of the guardian government, "... the scandaleuse portraits ..." in the cabinet had to be removed beforehand. Karl Friedrich's grandfather, Karl III. Wilhelm was known for debauchery with his mistresses . In Basel, too, they caused a stir during a visit in 1720. In 1764 the collections began to be moved from Basel to Karlsruhe. Some of the empty premises in Basel were rented out. During the Helvetic era, a military hospital was set up in the Ortmännisches Haus, which was acquired in exchange in 1736 .

In October 1807 the governor of the Rötteln Oberamt, August von Kalm , informed the city ​​council of Basel on behalf of the Grand Duke that the Markgräflerhof was to be sold in whole or in part. After Basel initially rejected a purchase, the property was to be auctioned in July 1808. However, from the point of view of the Grand Duchy, only inadequate bids were submitted and the city of Basel was again reached. They wanted to sell 90,000 guilders to the city, which in turn had claims against the Grand Duchy of 55,000 guilders. Baden was completely drained economically by Napoleonic wars and contributions and needed money, while Basel had to fear for the continuance of its claim. In July 1808, the Margravial Badische Hof in Basel was sold to Johannes von der Mühll, President of the Basel City Council, by the authorized representative of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich. The deal came off and on October 14, 1808, the Markgräflerhof was handed over to the city.

From July 11 to 16, 1808, the furniture, paintings and other items in the former palace were auctioned off. Altar paintings by Konrad Witz were also part of this .

Since 1808

"The Markgräflerhof, bought by the city in 1808, with associated garden areas and ancillary buildings, together with the adjoining area of ​​the former preacher's monastery and the university's botanical garden, formed the basis for the new building of the Basel Citizens' Hospital , which began in 1838 according to plans by Christoph Riggenbach ." 1838 to In 1842 another wing was added for the citizens' hospital and its administration. Additional extensions were made from 1882 to 1885 and 1902/1903.

The ensemble has been under Swiss monument protection since 1960, and in 1960 the property was also comprehensively renovated. Since 2004 it has served the university hospital as an office building. Extensive roof and facade renovation took place in 2012/13.

Blood donation room (former chapel)

The blood donation service of the Swiss Red Cross is located on the ground floor of the building at Hebelstrasse 10 . The entrance hall of the Markgräflerhof serves as a refreshment point for the blood donors, the former chapel with the remarkable stucco as a hall for the blood withdrawals.

See also

List of former margravial properties in Basel

literature

Web links

Commons : Markgräflerhof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Beat Trachsler: The Relationships between the Margraves of Baden-Durlach and the City of Basel Volume 1/2 1974, p. 60 ( digitized version of the Freiburg University Library ) and Roth p. 203
  2. ↑ see Roth p. 215
  3. ↑ also de Ris
  4. ↑ see Lutz
  5. ↑ see Rott p. 142
  6. ↑ see Roth p. 218
  7. ↑ see Lutz in the discussion
  8. ^ Entrepreneur du Roy au Château de Landscron
  9. ↑ see Roth pp. 220 and 224
  10. ↑ see Roth p. 233
  11. ↑ Roth p. 234
  12. ↑ see Roth p. 227
  13. ↑ see Roth p. 238
  14. ^ Johann Lorenz Böckmann, Friedrich von Weech: A Swiss trip of the Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden in July 1775 . B. 1. Carl Winter's University Bookstore, Heidelberg 1902, p. 43 .
  15. ↑ Thomas Schibler: From the Mühll. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland (HLS). September 8, 2009, accessed August 22, 2020 .
  16. ↑ see Roth p. 240
  17. ↑ see Baden-Württemberg State Archives
  18. ↑ see Roth p. 240
  19. ↑ Lutz
  20. ↑ see also list of cultural assets in Basel / Grossbasel West ; KGS inventory, B objects No. 1762 Markgräflerhof (now hospital), including portal construction
  21. ^ Markgräflerhof, renovation of the building envelope on the homepage of the building construction office of the canton of Basel-Stadt; accessed on May 5, 2019
  22. ↑ see project sheet Markgräflerhof, renovation of the building envelope. (PDF, 6 pages, 4.2 MB) accessed on April 29, 2019

Coordinates: 47 ° 33 '37.5 "  N , 7 ° 35' 1.6"  E ; CH1903:  610925  /  two hundred and sixty-seven thousand seven hundred and fifty-four