Market Church St. Jacobi (Einbeck)
The St. Jacobi market church is the smaller of the two Evangelical Lutheran parish churches in Einbeck's old town. It shapes the west side of the market square as well as the silhouette of the city with its slim tower. The Gothic building has been a listed building since 1988.
history
The existence of a market church in 1238 can be inferred indirectly from a document in which a "smaller church" is mentioned in Einbeck. Since the collegiate church of St. Alexandri is older and larger, it must be the market church. This predecessor building from the early 13th century is archaeologically documented only by a short arch-shaped piece of mortared limestone foundation, probably the remains of a semicircular apse .
A certain documentary mention of today's church can only be found in 1327. It is a pseudo-basilica , as the vaults of the central nave begin at the height of the vault crowns of the narrow aisles. It has a straight east end and no transept. Based on structural and stylistic comparisons, construction of the nave is assumed to have started as early as 1270 and to be completed with the construction of the upper floor of a typically Lower Saxon double tower facade in the early 14th century. There was a small cemetery around the church, which was separated from the city by a wall.
In the late 14th century, the side aisles were completely renewed to the width of the tower and the central and side aisles were provided with ribbed vaults, so that the entire church has a floor area of about 36 × 23 meters. The west building is continued as a square single tower, which continues in the upper part octagonal, which was completed around 1500. The guard's room and today's tower hood were built in 1543 and have been renewed several times after lightning strikes. Due to insufficient foundations in the tower area, intensive vault renovations had to be carried out as early as 1471/73. The north aisle had to be completely renewed. The church tower, which is 65 meters high and inclined sharply to the west, was given a baroque supporting facade in 1741. Nevertheless, the tower is still about 1.50 meters out of plumb and is known as the "Leaning Tower of Einbeck". Another tower renovation took place in 1855/56 and the nave and interior were fundamentally renovated twice in the 19th century. Before 1826 a sacristy was added to the east gable , and it also received two buttressing arches based on designs by Conrad Wilhelm Hase . In 1912 the three windows on the east wall were glazed with colored glass.
In the eastern window on the south side is the coat of arms of the Einbeck patrician family Raven. The mayor Jobst Raven, together with his brother Georg, donated a chalice to the market church in 1590 next to the window.
The two sundials from 1603 and 1790 were attached to the facade.
Damage to the facade, which can be traced back to inadequate work in the 1970s, prompted another fundamental renovation of the tower from 2011, which should be completed in 2014. The renovation work is funded by the German Foundation for Monument Protection and the Foundation for the Preservation of Church Monuments (KiBa). The restoration work on the tower's octagon was completed in 2011. Here five of the eight tracery of the tower were completely renewed. The upper tower square as the next construction phase was completely renovated in 2012 and the renovation of the middle to lower tower square is currently in progress until 2014.
use
The church was built for use by the citizens living nearby and is still used today by the Evangelical Lutheran. Parish Einbeck ( parish of Leine-Solling ) used. In the 15th century it was also used as a church for the Clarisse monastery . St. Alexandri gave up the right of patronage in the course of the Reformation through the mediation of Duke Philip I in 1529.
Furnishing
Baptismal font
There is a Romanesque font in the church . It originally stood in the 12th century church of Odagsen , which was demolished around 1750 . After 1750 it was used as a cattle trough and was finally considered lost until Pastor Reupke, who worked at the Marktkirche from 1904 to 1910, found the stone in the garden of the brewery owner Domeier. Domeier, whose brewery later became part of the Einbeck brewery , left the stone to the Marktkirche on the condition that his coat of arms be affixed to it. The coat of arms was attached to the foot of the stone and shows two chamois in the shield. The Domeier family was raised to the nobility after an officer from this patrician family saved the life of Emperor Maximilian I while hunting chamois around 1490 . The round dome of the baptismal font rests on a strong round base. The ornamental reliefs on the basin include wheels with spokes, which can be interpreted as symbols of cosmic order and eternity . Tendrils and palmettes form further elements on the upper edge of the basin. A similar baptismal font is in Amelsen .
Altar and pulpit
The oldest preserved piece of equipment in the market church is a fully plastic, 58 cm high statue of the church patron Jakobus the Elder. Ä. (Wood, painted, around 1400).
A late Gothic winged altar, which has stood in the church choir since 1993, is on loan from the city of Einbeck; it actually comes from the chapel of St. Spiritus . After an early baroque overpainting from 1625 was removed, the late Gothic crucifixion scene underneath was not properly exposed and restored, so that an art-historical assessment is no longer possible. A copy of the lost early Baroque overpainting, made in 1658, was preserved in the church in Stöckheim .
A wooden pulpit from 1637 is located on the southeastern central nave pillar. In the architecturally structured frame of the pulpit cage there were fully plastic figures of the apostles until 1969, which have since been spread out on the nave walls. Since the restoration, there have been four personified virtues in their place that were previously on the soundboard of the pulpit. Of the original crowning of the sound cover, only the central figure of Christ remains in its place.
Choir
pulpit
Baptismal font
James statue
organ
The organ was built by Johann Friedrich Schulze in 1861/2 and Heinrich Schaper repaired it two years later. In 1961 Rudolf Janke carried out repairs and changes to the layout based on the baroque model. In 1984 the Alfred Führer company in Wilhelmshaven carried out repairs .
The slider chests -instrument has 24 sounding voices on two manuals and pedal . The playing and stop actions are mechanical.
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Personalities
- Johann Velius (1545–1631), preacher
- Johann Wilhelm Wackerhagen (1619–1660), pastor in St. Jacobi from 1649
Trivia
An approximately two-meter-high model of the Marktkirche stands on the site of the municipal gardening facility that is to be built on. Therefore, the model should be auctioned in favor of the Marktkirche, if possible so that it is still accessible.
literature
- Thomas Kellmann: Stadt Einbeck (monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, architectural monuments in Lower Saxony, Volume 7.3), Michael Imhof Verlag 2017, pp. 268–298. ISBN 978-3-7319-0511-0
Individual evidence
- ↑ Andreas Heege: Einbeck in the Middle Ages . Isensee, Oldenburg 2002, ISBN 3-89598-836-7 , p. 139-143 .
- ↑ Horst Hülse: DI 42 / No. 112, Marktkirche St. Jacobi . In: www.inschriften.net
- ↑ Horst Hülse: DI 42 / No. 135, Marktkirche St. Jacobi . In: www.inschriften.net
- ^ Die Welt, April 7, 2011
- ↑ Bachmann & Wille: St. Jacobi Church in Einbeck ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 18, 2015.
- ↑ Johannes Kaiser: The Reformation in the Guelph Territory, 2011, p. 7
- ^ Rudolf Lindemann: Two Romanesque fonts from the Einbeck area, in: Einbecker Jahrbuch 35, 1984, p. 110ff
- ^ Thomas Kellmann: City of Einbeck . S. 291 .
- ^ Thomas Kellmann: City of Einbeck . S. 292 .
- ↑ Horst Hülse: DI 42 / No. 159, Marktkirche St. Jacobi In: www.inschriften.net
- ^ Thomas Kellmann: City of Einbeck . S. 295 .
- ^ Uwe Pape : Heinrich Schaper, August Schaper: Organ builder in Hildesheim. 2009, p. 153.
- ↑ Marktkirche has her instrument again . In: Hannoversche Presse, Einbeck edition, July 13, 1961
- ↑ Information on the organ ( Memento of the original from April 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Einbeck: miniature market church is auctioned. Retrieved June 17, 2020 .
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 49 ′ 6 " N , 9 ° 52 ′ 0" E