Marx green marble
Marxgrüner Marble or Horwagener Marble (also Horwagen , Marxgrün , Deutsch Rot , Deutsch-Rot-Marmor or Deutsch-Rot-Kalkstein , Bavarian Red ) is a natural stone that was often used for interior decoration due to its lively play of colors most beautiful decorative stones in Germany. It is a limestone from the Upper Devonian .
Surname
The marble was extracted in a single quarry near Horwagen in Upper Franconia and loaded onto the train at the nearby Marxgrün train station , to which the name Marxgrüner Marmor refers. The designations as German red indicate the country of origin and color, and Horwagen marble finally refers to the location of the quarry near Horwagen, a district of the former municipality of Bobengrün , which is now incorporated into Bad Steben together with Horwagen .
Dismantling
The beginnings of the breakdown cannot be precisely named. It can be assumed with great certainty that there was a quarry in the early 19th century. An early mention is made of Wolfram in 1833, who mentions marble quarrying near Steben. The Horwagen quarry is located around three kilometers south of the former mining site and today's health resort Bad Steben.
From 1887 there was a railway connection not far from the extraction site. This enabled the raw blocks to be transported away for further processing relatively inexpensively. Many other German deposits suffered competitive disadvantages compared to foreign varieties because they did not have a nearby railway connection.
As early as the 1920s, mining was documented with a special wire saw , which suggests gentle and quality-conscious extraction. The traditional processing of the raw blocks took place in Bad Aibling for a long time . The quarry operation ceased in the early 1990s.
The Horwagen marble quarry is designated by the Bavarian State Office for the Environment as geotope 475A009 and is one of the 100 most beautiful geotopes in Bavaria . See also the list of geotopes in the district of Hof .
Geology, rock description and use
Numerous lime lenses in the Thuringian Slate Mountains and in the Franconian Forest adjoining it to the south were the sources for the building lime required in the region in the past centuries. On this basis, if the deposit was suitable, stone extraction often developed. Because these limestone deposits are enclosed in the shape of a lens by the surrounding rock, they usually only have very limited reserves. The deposit of Marxgrüner marble is about 60 meters thick.
This type of limestone is already referred to as flasher lime in older literature. The regulated clay minerals create the fiber structure. The lenticular limestone deposit is enclosed by colored slate . In the contact zones, the limestone changes into a slate structure. In the quarry, the mining followed the limestone layers falling to 66 ° to the south. After loosening the raw blocks from the rock, a rotating crane lifted them out.
In its typical form, this stone has a light, flesh-red color and is criss-crossed by thin green veins. This veining is a result of chlorite deposits and clay minerals as well as tuffite parts distributed like a membrane . Furthermore, bright calcite veins cross the texture and enrich the aesthetic image of this stone. Some areas of the deposit show a pronounced, debris-like breccia structure , which makes the overall appearance of this decorative rock appear very lively. The embedded clay membranes create the typical weak points and along them the stone tends to break. Nevertheless, Marx green marble was used for exclusive interior decorations in the 19th and 20th centuries. Typical applications were wall cladding, floor coverings, furniture panels, inlay work or artistic and structural solid parts in interior design. There were also handicraft objects with functional properties, for example watch cases and bases of all kinds.
In the 20th century, the names German Red or Bavarian Red were added to the name Marxgrüner Marble , which was introduced earlier . In commercial practice, color sortings were given the addition of red , pink , red-green , flaming and dark . The trade name Deutsch-Grün (also Bayerisch Grün ) appeared on this stone and another type of Bavarian natural stone.
Application examples
- Humboldt University in Berlin (courtyard of honor: base of the Hermann von Helmholtz monument)
- New town hall in Kassel
- Art museum in Kiel
- Glyptothek in Munich (floor, in the star elements of the Heroensaal), built between 1816 and 1830
- Paulskirche in Munich (George altar and baptismal font)
- Numerous Munich residential buildings with representative character (often paneling in house entrances)
- Walhalla near Regensburg (upper wall panels in the hall of honor)
- New Hofburg in Vienna (ballroom and its galleries: pillar base, column base)
- Ordenskirche St. Georgen Bayreuth (altar columns)
In addition, the Marx green marble was exported to Belgium, Great Britain and overseas.
See also
- Saalburg marble , geologically related limestone deposits used as work stone , about 20 kilometers from the Franconian mining area
literature
- Johannes H. Schroeder (Ed.): Natural stone in architecture and building history of Berlin . 2nd edition, Berlin (self-published by Geoscientists in Berlin and Brandenburg eV) 2006 ISBN 978-3-928651-12-7
- Carl Gäbert, Alexander Steuer, Karl Weiss: The usable rock deposits in Germany . Berlin (Union Dt. Verl.-ges.) 1915
- Arndt, Henrich, Laubmann et al .: The usable minerals, rocks and soils of Bavaria . I. Bd. Frankenwald, Fichtelgebirge and Bavarian Forest. Munich (Oldenbourg and Piloty & Loehle) 1924
- Friedrich Müller : Bavaria's rich corner . Ackermann Verlag, Hof 1990 ISBN 3-8112-0845-4
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bavarian Geological State Office (ed.), Gerhard von Horstig: Explanations of the Geological Map of Bavaria 1:25 000, sheet no. 5635 Nordhalben . Munich 1966, pp. 33, 138
- ↑ a b Otto M. Reis: The rocks of the Munich buildings and monuments. Publications of the Society for Bavarian Regional Studies, eV Munich. Munich 1935, pp. 156–157
- ↑ C. Gäbert / A. Steuer / Karl Weiss, 1915, p. 306
- ↑ Arndt / Henrich / Laubmann et al., 1924, p. 138
- ↑ a b c Friedrich Müller, 1990, p. 83
- ↑ a b A. Herbeck: The marble. Munich (Callwey) 1953, p. 90
- ↑ a b c d Wolf-Dieter Grimm: Pictorial atlas of important memorial stones of the Federal Republic of Germany, ed. from the Bavarian State Office for the Preservation of Monuments, Lipp-Verlag, Munich 1990, rock no.147 German red limestone
- ↑ Ludwig Friedrich Wolfram: Complete textbook of the entire architecture; First volume: Doctrine of natural building materials, first section. From natural building materials . Stuttgart (Carl Hoffmann), Vienna (Carl Gerold'sche Buchhandlung) 1833, p. 59
- ↑ Bernhard Kosmann : The marble types of the German Empire . Berlin (publ. Leonhard Simion) 1888, p. 56
- ^ Horwagen marble quarry . (accessed on March 22, 2020).
- ^ LfU : Marble quarry Horwagen . (accessed on March 22, 2020)
- ↑ Otto M. Reis: The rocks of the Munich buildings and monuments. Munich (Ges. F. Bay. Landeskunde) 1935, p. 159