Bernhard Kosmann

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Bernhard Kosmann (1878)

Hans Bernhard Kosmann (born February 4, 1840 in Lobsens ; † April 9, 1921 in Berlin ) was a Prussian mountain official .

Life

Hans Bernhard Kosmann was born on February 4, 1840 in Lobsens as the son of the district court director Friedrich Wilhelm Albert Kosmann and Maria Kuntz. His father was transferred to Stettin in 1842 , where Bernhard Kosmann graduated from high school at Easter 1859. After he was accepted as a mining enthusiast, he began scientific training in 1861 at the Universities of Breslau and Berlin and at the Bergakademien Berlin and Freiberg . He spent the semester 1863/64 at the École des mines impériales in Paris , followed by a four-week study trip to France, during which he collected material and documents for his dissertation , which he filed on December 21, 1864 at the University of Halle .

After two more years he passed his mountain trainee exam . He then worked for a short time in the Gonoy brothers' steel works in Hombourg-Haut before he switched to the civil service as an assistant in 1868 and passed his state examination to become a mountain assessor in May 1870 . In spring 1871 he was appointed calibration inspector for the province of Brandenburg . In 1874 he was elected to the Berlin city council for three years and in 1876 accepted a position as a chemist at the Stettiner chamotte factory in Pommerensdorf . Shortly afterwards he switched back to the civil service and became a mining inspector at the Königsgrube in Königshütte , in 1879 appointed miner and promoted to the Royal Revierbeamten in Beuthen OS . After three years, however, he resigned his civil service and completed his habilitation in 1883 at the University of Breslau, where he taught and researched as a private lecturer in his mining and smelting laboratory.

Services

His scientific work was mainly concerned with the clay, cement and lime industries and research into the technology of mortar and silicate chemistry.

On June 9, 1896, at the 36th annual meeting of the German Association of Gas and Water Experts, Kosmann announced that he had discovered an oxide of a new noble earth in the Monazite sand , which he called "cosmium". A few weeks later, on July 25th, the message about another noble earth followed, which he called "neocosmium". At the same time he also filed several patents in different countries, which dealt with the extraction of the two precious earths. Clemens Winkler wrote about this: "If patents did not cost money, you could be reminded of the April Fool's joke that the Chemiker-Zeitung allowed itself a few years ago [...]". Winkler refers to the etymology of the two elements, as Kosmann named them after himself, and the numerous "new elements" that were discovered at the time. However, the patents were never granted, so the discovery was quickly dismissed as an error. Samples of the two oxides are in the collection of chemical preparations of the Bergakademie Freiberg. Cosmium and neocosmium consist of lanthanum (90 and 82%, respectively) and varying proportions of barium , neodymium and praseodymium .

Kosmann was made a member of the Leopoldina on April 13, 1891 and was an honorary member of the Natural Research Society of Görlitz , the German Clay Industry Association and the Association of German Lime Works.

Works (selection)

In addition to numerous articles in the journal for gas lighting and water supply and in the negotiations of the association for the promotion of industrial activity , his monographs are particularly mentioned here:

  • De nonnullis lavis Arverniacis . Dissertatio inauguralis mineralogica-chemica. Halis Saxoniae 1864, urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10283983-4 (Latin).
  • Upper Silesia, its country and its industry . Festschrift for the XXIX. General meeting of the Association of German Engineers in Breslau. In addition to a geognostic and a traffic map edited by the conc. Markscheider Küntzel in Charlottenhof. Self-published by the Upper Silesian District Association of German Engineers in Kattowitz, Gleiwitz 1888 ( Śląska Biblioteka Cyfrowa ).
  • Bernhard Kosmann: The marble types of the German Empire . Published by Leonhard Simion, Berlin 1888.
  • The representation of chlorine and hydrochloric acid from magnesium chloride . With 19 figures imprinted in the text. Published by Leonhard Simion, Berlin 1891.

swell

literature

  • Dr. Kosman † . In: H. Seger, E. Cramer (Eds.): Tonindustrie-Zeitung . 45th year, no. 50 , April 28, 1921, p. 413-414 .
  • Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa, Mary Virginia Orna: The Lost Elements . The Periodic Table's Shadow Side. Oxford University Press, New York 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-938334-4 , The Curious Appearance of Kosmium and Neokosmium, pp. 417-419 (English).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Notes . In: Berg- und Hüttenmännische Zeitung . 55th year, 1896, p. 225 .
  2. ↑ Clemens Winkler : About the discovery of new elements in the course of the last 25 years and related questions . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society . tape 30 , 1897, pp. 13 .
  3. ↑ Mike Haustein, Jörg Zaun: The collection of chemical preparations of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg . lemens Winkler's material traces. In: Communications of the Society of German Chemists, Section History of Chemistry . tape 20 , 2009, p. 38-39 .
  4. ^ Member entry by Bernhard Kosmann at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 14, 2016.
personal data
SURNAME Kosmann, Bernhard
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Kosmann, Hans Bernhard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prussian mountain official
DATE OF BIRTH February 4, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Praise
DATE OF DEATH April 9, 1921
Place of death Berlin